趋向水环境保护的城市小流域土地利用生态化——生态实践路径、空间规划策略与开发断面模式

Ecological Land Use Planning Towards Water Environment Protection at Urban Watershed: Ecological Practice Approaches, Spatial Planning Strategies and Development Transect Models

解析城市小流域土地利用与河流水环境的相互关系,可以帮助我们深刻理解土地利用规划与水环境管理的内在关联,为趋向水环境保护的城市土地利用生态规划提供科学依据。通过梳理前人实证性研究的相关结论,本文总结凝练小流域土地利用和水环境相互关系的规律性认知;探讨水环境管理目标对土地利用的约束和引导;提出整合水环境管理目标的城市小流域生态实践路径;从城市小流域的土地利用规模控制、类型引导和形态布局三个方面,提出提升水环境绩效的空间规划策略;针对强约束、中等约束、弱约束等三种不同约束类型的城市小流域,采用断面梯度分析法,提出从河源到河口纵向梯度的三种典型的城市小流域开发断面概念模式。探索将量化水环境目标转译为空间规划策略,可为改善城市河流水环境质量提供空间框架,有助于采用规划手段有效地应对城市水环境问题。

By analyzing the correlation between land use and water environment at the urban watershed, we can deeply understand the interrelationships of land use planning and control to water environment management, and provide scientific basis of ecological land use planning for water environment protection. This paper summarizes the previous empirical results on the relationship between land use and water environment, discusses the restriction and guidance of water environment objectives on land use. Based on those results, this paper proposes the ecological practice approaches for urban watershed, which integrate water environment objectives to ecological land use planning. Furthermore, it puts forward spatial planning strategies for improving water environment performance, from three aspects,(non-)construction land use proportion, land use type and layout at the urban watershed. Lastly, from stream source to oudet, it proposes three conceptual models of ecological transect, aiming at three kinds of urban watershed with different degree of restriction. Exploring to translate quantitative water environment objectives into spatial planning strategies, can provide a spatial framework for improving water quality of urban streams, and also, help us to use land use planning tools to effectively cope with urban water environmental problems?