大数据支撑的智慧化城市治理:国际经验与中国策略

The Intelligent Urban Governance Based on Big Data: International Experience and China Strategy

随着新型城镇化建设的推进,城市各社会群体间利益格局不断分化,公共事务不断增加,传统的城市治理模式面临着转型与变革。智慧城市建设推动了大数据技术的迅速发展,通过采集、整合城市各类要素运行数据,动态监测城市发展现状,为城市治理过程中决策制定与部门协作提供数据与技术支撑。本文在梳理我国当前城市治理现状与问题的基础上,选取了芝加哥、新加坡与纽约这三个大数据应用的代表性城市作为借鉴案例,重点从城市运行动态监测、城市发展情景预测以及城市多主体协同共治三个核心方面分析其实际应用模式与方法。在此基础上,将国外成熟的经验模式与我国自身发展现状相结合,重点提出了大数据支撑下智慧化城市治理的创新模式与具体应用架构,并深入阐述了大数据在掌握城市运行现状、辅助城市治理决策、监督城市治理过程以及拓展公众参与渠道四个方面的结合应用思路,以期为我国智慧化城市治理的实践工作提供理论指导与方法借鉴。

During the development of new urbanization, the interest structure among different social groups are dividing continually. The traditional urban governance model is facing transformation and reformation. Based on the current situation and problems of urban governance, this paper selects the representative cities like Chicago, Singapore and New York on their big data applications, then analyzes the practical application mode and methods from three core aspects of urban operation dynamic monitoring, urban development scenario prediction and urban multi-agents co-governance. On this basis,it combines the mature experiences of foreign countries with the current situation of China’s urban development, focusing on the innovative model and specific application framework of intelligent urban governance supported by big data. Finally, it elaborates the comprehensive application ideas from the four aspects on urban operation situation,urban governance decision-making support, urban governance process supervision and public participation. The authors hope this research could provide theoretical guidance and methods for the intelligent urban governance practice in China.