健康影响评估及其在城市规划中的应用探讨——以旧金山市东部邻里社区为例

Discussions on Health Impact Assessment and Its Application in Urban Planning: Case Study of San Francisco’s Eastern Neighborhoods Community

在应对健康挑战及建设健康中国背景下,如何将健康理念融入城市规划正成为我国规划学者关注的前沿问题之一。国际上已有探索表明,健康影响评估为规划师解决这一问题提供了一条创新途径。我国目前已认识到将健康影响评估应用于城市规划的价值,但已有研究仍处于初步阶段。基于此,本文首先阐释健康影响评估及其应用于城市规划的内涵。然后,以旧金山市东部邻里社区区划健康影响评估实践探索为例探讨健康影响评估应用于城市规划涉及的一些具体问题,比如评估目标、原则、程序、过程、工具及机制等。在此基础上,从评估技术研发和评估机制设计两方面进一步讨论健康影响评估应用于城市规划需解决的关键问题,最后就我国在城市规划中发展健康影响评估提出一些建议。

At the background of severe public health challenges and the policy of Building Healthy China, how to integrate the concept of health into urban planning is one of the frontier issues in the planning circle. Health impact assessment on urban planning has been demonstrated as an innovative and practical way to help planners realize the goal of integrating health into urban planning. The importance of applying health impact assessment on urban planning has been recognized, but the related research work in China is still in the exploratory stage, with lots of key issues to be further studied. This paper firstly theoretically illustrates the connotation of health impact assessment and its application on urban planning. Then, it carries out the case study of Health Impact Assessment on the Eastern Neighborhood Community Plans, which is a classic and has a reference value for China, to discuss some specific issues of health impact assessment on urban planning, such as goals, principles, procedures, process, tools and the mechanisms of assessment. On the basis of those observations, it further discusses how to invent the assessment technology and design the assessment mechanism, which are considered to be two key issues of health impact assessment on urban planning. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for developing health impact assessment on urban planning in China.