乳头内陷的外科治疗进展

Progress in surgical treatment of inverted nipples

乳头内陷是一种女性常见疾病,可由先天因素导致,也可由后天因素导致,按照严重程度不同将其分为3级。乳头内陷除影响女性乳房的形态和功能外,还容易诱发浆细胞性乳腺炎。国内外学者为矫治乳头内陷进行了大量的基础和临床研究,目前其主要治疗方法分为外科手术治疗和非手术治疗两大类,由于乳头内陷患者的个体化差异,以及不同术者的手术习惯,虽然经报道的乳头内陷治疗方法很多,但目前还没有任何一种单一手术方式可以矫正所有类型的乳头内陷。本文总结概括了国内外乳头内陷外科治疗方法的研究进展,对真皮瓣法、牵引法和微创及内镜下纤维组织松解法3类外科手术治疗方法及其主要优缺点进行了介绍。

Nipple inversion is a common female disease which can be caused by congenital factors or acquired factors.According to the severity,nipple inversion can be divided into 3 levels.It can not only affect the shape and function of the breast,but also induce serous mastitis.Scholars have conducted many basic and clinical studies to correct the inverted nipple,and the current main methods included surgical and nonsurgical treatment.Due to the individual differences of patients and different surgical operation habits of surgeons,although many methods have been reported,there has been no single operation method which can correct all types of nipple retraction.This paper summarizes the progress of surgical treatment of nipple retraction in recent years,with emphasis on the pros and cons of three surgical methods:dermal flap,traction,minimally invasive and endoscopic fibrous tissue release.