施用沼渣、黄腐酸钾、钙镁磷肥对退化山核桃林的改土和增产效果

Effect of biogas residue, potassium humate and calcium-magnesium phosphate application on improving soil in degraded Carya cathayensis forest and its nut yield

为探讨退化山核桃(Carya cathayensis)林地酸性土壤改良优化技术措施,通过室内培养试验研究了沼渣、黄腐酸钾、钙镁磷肥及其组合对土壤有效养分和土壤酸性的影响及动态变化,通过大田试验研究了黄腐酸钾和钙镁磷肥配施对山核桃树木生长及产量的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,各肥料处理都能够提高土壤pH、有效氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量,降低土壤交换性铝离子浓度,但在效果上以施用黄腐酸钾和钙镁磷肥组合处理最优。黄腐酸钾与钙镁磷肥配施对退化的山核桃酸性土壤的有效氮、有效磷、速效钾和pH较对照分别提高了112.4mg/kg、21.8mg/kg、192.6mg/kg和1.05个单位(P<0.05),交换性铝离子浓度从2.54cmol/kg降至0.27cmol/kg(P<0.05)。大田试验结果表明,黄腐酸钾和钙镁磷肥单施及配合施用都能够显著改善山核桃生长,提高山核桃果实产量(P<0.05),以黄腐酸钾与钙镁磷肥配合处理最佳,其效果也显著优于单施黄腐酸钾、钙镁磷肥(P<0.05)。

An incubation experiment and a field experiment were carried out to study the effects of biogas residue,potassium humate and calcium-magnesium phosphate(CMP)on acid soil improvement in degraded Chinese hickory(Carya cathayensis)forest.Results showed that compared with the control,all fertilizer treatments could increase soil pH and available N,available P and available K concentrations,and decreased exchangeable aluminum ion concentration.Combination of potassium humate and CMP had the greatest effect among all treatments.Compared with the contrd,soil available N,available P,available K and pH were increased by 112.4 mg/kg,21.8 mg/kg,192.6 mg/kg,1.05 units under the combined application of potassium humate and CMP.And soil exchangeable aluminum ion was reduced from 2.54 cmol/kg to 0.27 cmol/kg(P<0.05).Results the field experiment showed that the application of potassium humate and CMP could significantly improve plant growth and nut yield of Carya cathayensis trees(P<0.05).Overall,the effect of the combined application of potassium humate and CMP was the best,and the effect was also better than that of single application of potassium humate and CMP.