4LZY-7型全喂入油菜联合收获机的设计与试验

Design and testing of 4LZY-7 full feeding combine harvester of rapeseed

为解决西北地区油菜机械化收获中存在损失率高、作业效率低等问题,设计并试制了一种可一次性完成收割、脱粒、分离、清选、入仓等一体化作业的4LZY-7型全喂入油菜联合收获机。结合现有稻麦联合收获机,并针对油菜的生物特性及其收获时的农艺要求,对样机核心部件的作业机理进行了分析,并对样机关键部件进行了设计,确定了割台系统、脱粒系统和清选系统的工作参数。田间试验结果表明,当作业速度在0.8~1.2 m·s^-1 之间,拨禾轮线速度在1.4~1.8 m·s^-1 之间,即速比取1.5~2.25时割台损失率为2.35%;脱粒滚筒的圆周速度在15~20 m·s^-1 之间,脱粒间隙为20 mm时,滚筒的脱净率大于96.9%;风机出口处风速为4.07 m·s^-1,筛面倾斜角度为16±2°时,筛出物菜籽含量为0.11%,粮仓含杂率为2.83%。即整机损失率最高为3.95%,粮仓含杂率最高为2.83%,机械破碎率最高为0.2%。各项试验指标均符合国家和行业标准要求,试验结果满足设计和实际作业要求。

In order to solve the problem of high loss rate and low operating efficiency of the machine harvesting of rapeseed in the northwestern China, a full feeding combine harvester, 4LZY-7,which can complete harvesting, threshing, separation, clearance, and storage,was designed and tested.By combining with the present rice-wheat combine harvester and the characteristics of rapeseed and the agriculture request during the harvest, we analyzed the operation mechanism of the core parts of prototype and the key parts of the prototype, the working parameters of the cutting system, the threshing system and the cleaning system were determined.The results of field experiments showed that:(1) When the working speed was between 0.8~1.2 m·s^-1 , the linear speed of the reel was between 1.4~1.8 m·s^-1 , and the speed ratio was 1.5~2.25, the loss rate of the cutting table was 2.35%.(2) When the circumference velocity of the threshing drum was between 15~20 m·s^-1 and the threshing clearance was 20 mm, the threshed rate of the drum was more than 96.9%.(3) When fan outlet wind 4.07 m·s^-1 and screen surface tilt angle was 16±2°, rapeseed content in screen out was 0.11%, the granary impurity rate was 2.83%.This resulted in a maximum mechanical loss rate of 3.95%, the highest impurity rate of granary of 2.83%, and a less than 0.2% of mechanical crushing rate.All of the experimental parameters and test indexes were in accordance with national and industry standards,and the testing results met the requirements of design and practical operation.