新中国农业经营制度的变迁

Transformation of Agricultural Management System in New China

新中国农业经营制度从农业互助合作化到家庭承包经营责任制的确立并不断完善,经历了近70年的变迁,大体经历了两个阶段:第一个阶段是从个体分户经营向集体统一经营的演变(1949-1977),第二个阶段从集体统一经营回归到家庭承包经营(1978至今)。经过反复的探索,建立起了有中国特色的社会主义农业经营制度。在确立家庭经营责任制以后,又从农业产业化经营、发展农民专业合作组织、农业适度规模经营和土地“三权分置”等方面推动了家庭经营责任制的不断完善。“坚持家庭经营基础性地位,赋予双层经营体制新的内涵”,“保持农村土地承包关系稳定并长久不变”,已成为我国农业农村工作的一项基本政策。

The agricultural management system of New China has been established from the mutual assistance of agriculture to the establishment of household contract management responsibility system.It has undergone nearly 70 years of change and has experienced two stages:the first stage is from individual household management to collective unified management(1949-1977);the second stage is from collective unified management to household contract management(1978 to present).After repeated explorations,a socialist agricultural management system with Chinese characteristics has been established.After the establishment of the family business responsibility system,the family business responsibility system has been continuously improved from the aspects of agricultural industrialization management,the development of farmers’professional cooperative organizations,the moderate scale operation of agriculture and the separation of land rights.Insisting on the basic status of family management,giving new meaning to the two-tier management system,and maintaining the stability and long-term change of rural land contracting relationship have become basic policies for agricultural and rural work in China.