“中国古诗启发庞德发起了意象主义运动”论辨正

Argument that Pound Launched the Imagist Movement under the Inspiration of Chinese Classical Poems

目前学界不少人认为,中国古诗启发庞德发起了意象主义运动。事实上,意象主义是对维多利亚末期浪漫主义的反叛,是师法希腊诗歌等诗歌传统而来,是承袭法国象征主义而来。经1909年的休姆-弗林特团体,意象派诞生于1912年春天或初夏。庞德推出理查德·阿尔丁顿、H.D.(希尔达·杜利特尔)的希腊主题意象诗,提出他的意象派诗歌理论,躬身于意象派诗歌创作,其理论及创作受到希腊诗歌、日本俳句等诗歌传统的影响。次年9月,庞德初遇中国古诗,在翟里斯的英文译诗中挑选并改译出四首具有希腊诗歌、日本俳句风格的意象诗;1914年底,庞德译出《华夏集》,才真正体现出中国古诗的影响。因此,庞德发起意象主义运动并非受到中国古诗的启发或直接影响。

It is much argued that Pound launched the Imagist movement under the inspiration of Chinese classical poems.In fact,in reaction to late Victorian romanticism,Imagism is modeled on the Greek and other poetic traditions,immediately succeeding French symbolism.Descending from Hulme-Flint group of 1909,Imagism as a group was born in the spring or early summer of 1912.Pound promoted the Imagist poems with Hellenic subject of Aldington and H.D.,proposed his Imagist theory and poems showing the influences of Greek poems,Japanese Haiku and other poetic traditions.With his initial access to Chinese poems next September,he chose among Giles’ s translated poems in English and produced four translated poems,characteristic of Greek poems and Japanese Haiku.By the end of 1914,he produced Cathay revealing the real influence of Chinese classical poems.Hence,Pound’s launching of the Imagist movement was not due to the inspiration or direct influence of Chinese classical poems.