城市化进程中不同位置城市湿地对周边环境温湿度的影响

Effects of Urban Wetlands in Different Positions on the Temperature and Humidity of Ambient Environment in Process of Urbanization

2015年春、夏、秋季选择大庆市区4块不同位置(距城市中心距离)的湖泊湿地及周边绿地作为研究对象,利用小尺度定量测定的方法,分析位置特征对周边环境温湿度的影响。每天8:00~18:00,每2 h分别对4块不同位置湖泊湿地和对照处的温度、相对湿度进行同步测定,连续测定7 d。结果显示:春、夏、秋季均具有增湿降温效应。其中,夏季的增湿降温效应最强,春季其次,秋节最差。在春、夏、秋季中,不同位置对湿地的降温增湿能力具有显著的影响,其中城市中心湖泊湿地>近郊区湿地2(距城市中心8.6 hm)>近郊区湿地1(距城市中心40.4 hm)>远郊区湿地。在三个季节中,温湿度日变化表现为早晚弱,中午强,受环境温度影响比较大。春、秋季12:00~14:00为降温增湿变化幅度最大时段,而夏季14:00~16:00为降温增湿变化幅度最大的时段。

To provide scientific basis for the construction of urban lake,the effects of the different positions (distance from the downtown)of urban lake on the temperature and humidity were analyzed based on the small-scale quantitative measurement,using. four urban lakes with different position and the surrounding green space as research object in spring,summer and autumn of 2015 in Daqing. The air temperature and relative humidity of the green space near four lakes and the control place were measured every two hours from 8:00 to 18:00 every day for continuous seven days. The results indicated that the urban wetlands of all three seasons could decrease the temperature and increase the humidity,with the effect being strongest in summer,followed by in spring,and the smallest effect in autumn. The position of the urban wetland had significant effect on temperature and humidity,which decreased in the order of downtown>suburbs 2(8.6 km from the city center)>suburbs 1(40.4 km from the city center)>outer suburbs wetland.The diurnal variation of temperature and humidity was influenced by the ambient temperature,the effect of wetlands was weak in morning and evening,but strong at noon.The maximum effect occurred at 12:00-14:00 in spring and autumn,and at 14:00-16:00 in summer.