5种草莓叶片解剖结构与抗旱性的关系

Relationships between Blade Anatomical Structure and Drought Resistances of Five Strawberry Varieties

为了筛选出抗旱性优良的草莓种质,以5种野生草莓(东方草莓,黄毛草莓,森林草莓,木犀草莓和五叶草莓)为试验材料,通过测量其叶片解剖结构(角质膜厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、气孔大小、气孔密度、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、栅栏组织层数、海绵组织厚度、海绵组织层数等)指标,计算出栅海比、叶片组织结构紧密度(CTR)、叶片组织结构疏松度(SR)等,以隶属函数法综合分析5种草莓的抗旱性。结果表明:上、下表皮以五叶草莓最厚,分别为27.28μm和18.80μm,而森林草莓最薄(19.59μm和7.29μm);角质膜以黄毛草莓最厚而木犀草莓最薄,分别为7.15μm和3.78μm;叶片和栅栏组织厚度以黄毛草莓最厚,分别为221.21μm和95.86μm,东方草莓最薄(137.12μm和65.51μm);栅海比以五叶草莓最大而木犀草莓最小,分别为1.89%和1.13%;叶片组织结构紧密度(CTR)和疏松度(SR)以东方草莓最大,分别为47.78%和35.96%,五叶草莓最小(34.97%和18.52%);气孔以五叶草莓最大,为45.84μm^2,黄毛草莓最小(30.18μm^2),气孔密度以木犀草莓最大(702.6个·mm^-2)而黄毛草莓最小(489.9个·mm^-2)。隶属函数综合评价5种草莓的抗旱性表现为:五叶草莓>黄毛草莓>东方草莓>森林草莓>木犀草莓。

In order to screen out the strawberry germplasm with excellent drought resistance,5 strawberry varieties including Fragaria orientalis Losinsk.,F.nilgerrensis Schltdl.ex J.Gay,F.vesca L.,F.vesca var.semperflorens and F.pentaphylla Losinsk.were used as test materials to measure the anatomical structure of the leaves(keratin thickness,upper epidermis thickness,lower epidermis thickness,stomatal size,stomatal density,leaf thickness,fence tissue thickness,number of fence tissue layers,sponge tissue thickness,sponge tissue layer,etc.),the ratio of fence tissue to sponge tissue,leaf tissue structure tightness(CTR),leaf tissue structure looseness(SR)were calculated,and the drought resistance of 5 kinds of strawberries was analyzed synthetically by membership function method.The results showed that in the 5 strawberry varieties,F.pentaphylla had the thickest upper and lower epidermis(27.28μm and 18.80μm),while the F.vesca was thinnest(19.59μm and 7.29μm);the F.nilgerrensis had the thickest keratin thickness(7.15μm)while F.vesca var.semperflorens was thinnest(3.78μm);the F.nilgerrensis had the largest thickness of leaf and fence tissue(221.21μm and 95.86μm)while the F.orientalis was thinnest(137.12μm and 65.51μm);the F.pentaphylla had the largest ratio of fence tissue to sponge tissue(1.89%)while the F.vesca var.semperflorens was lowest(1.13%);the F.orientalis had the highest leaf tissue structure tightness(CTR)and leaf tissue structure looseness(SR)(47.78%and 35.96%)while the F.pentaphylla was lowest(34.97%and 18.52%);the F.pentaphylla had the largest stomatal(45.84μm^2)while the F.nilgerrensis was smallest(30.18μm^2);the F.vesca var.semperflorens had the largest stomatal density(702.6·mm^-2)while the F.nilgerrensis was smallest(489.9·mm^-2).According to the analysis of membership function method,the drought resistance of 5 strawberry varieties was as follows:F.pentaphylla>F.nilgerrensis>F.orientalis>F.vesca>F.vesca var.semperflorens.