添加废弃物补充基质对草皮生产土壤理化指标及草坪草生长发育的影响

Effects of Waste Application on the Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Development of Turf Grass

为解决大田草皮生产方式带来的土壤消耗问题,试验将污泥营养土、腐熟玉米秸秆、当年玉米秸秆、锯末和草絮作为补充基质分别按10kg·m^-2的添加量均匀掺拌入草皮种植土0~15cm的耕层中,研究添加废弃物基质对草皮种植土壤的理化指标(N、P、K、有机质、Ph值、含盐量)及草坪草生长发育(出齐苗、初分蘖、成坪时间、表观质量等)的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,除锯末处理土壤碱解氮含量无明显变化(P>0.05)且速效钾含量显著下降(P<0.05)外,添加废弃物补充基质可显著增加土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量(P<0.05),其中有效磷在腐熟玉米秸秆处理增幅最大(381.3%),其他3个指标均在污泥营养土处理增幅最大,分别为70.6%,34.1%和69.9%;土壤Ph值在0~5cm,5~10cm和10~15cm土层变幅分别为-5.9%(腐熟玉米秸秆)~0.0%(污泥营养土)、-0.7%(污泥营养土)~3.3%(当年玉米秸秆)、-1.7%(腐熟玉米秸秆)~2.0%(当年玉米秸秆),土壤含盐量各层变幅分别为-18.9%(腐熟玉米秸秆)~14.9%(污泥营养土和当年玉米秸秆)、-29.3%(当年玉米秸秆)~26.8%(污泥营养土)和-28.9%(腐熟玉米秸秆)~5.0%(污泥营养土)。在草坪草生长方面,与对照相比,添加除锯末外的4种基质均可提前草坪草的出齐苗、初分蘖、成坪时间,其中污泥营养土处理分别提前2.4,5.7和15d,且污泥营养土、腐熟玉米秸秆、当年玉米秸秆处理的草坪表观质量分值在各月份均显著提升(P<0.05)。综合而言,添加废弃物补充基质对草坪生产土壤理化指标和草坪生长发育有一定的促进作用,本试验所用5种基质中以污泥营养土和腐熟玉米秸秆效果较好。

To solve the soil consumption problem caused by the field turf production method,the experiment was conducted with 5 kinds agriculture waste resources including sewage sludge,decomposed corn straw,corn straw,sawdust,and turfgrass clippings,which the addition amount were 10 kg·m^-2 in 0~15 cm turf planting soil,the no waste application was as the control,the changes of soil physical and chemical properties(alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,potassium,organic matter,pH,salt content)and turf grass development(seedling emergence period,early tiller period,turf grass cover more than 85%,and apparent mass evaluation)affected by different waste application were studied.The results showed that compared with the control,the content of N,P,K and organic matter in soil were significantly increased by waste application(P<0.05)except that the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content had no obvious change(P>0.05)and the available potassium content significantly decreased(P<0.05)in sawdust treatment.Among the 5 treatments,the largest increment of available phosphorus(381.3%)was in the decomposed corn straw treatment,while the largest increment of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen(70.6%),potassium(34.1%),and organic matter content(69.9%)were all in the sewage sludge treatment.Soil pH at 0~5 cm,5~10 cm and 10~15 cm varied from-5.9%(decomposed corn straw)to 0.0%(sewage sludge),-0.7%(sewage sludge)to 3.3%(corn straw),-1.7%(decomposed corn straw)to 2.0%(corn straw),respectively.Soil salt content varied from-18.9%(decomposed corn straw)to 14.9%(sewage sludge and corn stras),-29.3%(corn straw)to 26.8%(sewage sludge)and-28.9%(decomposed corn straw)to 5.0%(sewage sludge),respectively.In terms of lawn grass growth,compared to the control,the applications of sewage sludge,decomposed corn straw,corn straw,and turfgrass clippings could reduce the seedling emergence period,early tiller period,and the period of turf grass cover more than 85%,in which the sewage sludge treatment reduced 2.4,5.7,and 15 d,respectively.The turfgrass apparent evaluation scores in sewage sludge,decomposed corn straw,and corn straw treatment were significantly improved(P<0.05)in each month.To sum up,waste application had a positive effect on soil physical and chemical properties,and also the lawn growth and development,in which the sewage sludge and decomposed corn straw treatments were superior to the other 3 wastes.