播期、密度及其互作对冬小麦产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Their Interaction on Yield of Winter Wheat

播期和密度是小麦高产的关键栽培技术。通过大田小区试验,研究了5个播期(9月26日,10月2日,10月8日,10月14日和10月20日)和3种栽培密度(120万,240万和360万·hm^-2)及其互作对冬小麦(济麦22)产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,冬小麦的产量均随着播期前后呈先上升后下降趋势,10月2日播种的平均产量最高;且以240万·hm^-2处理最高,为9613.5kg·hm^-2,显著高于其它密度处理。公顷穗数最高值出现在9月26日—10月2日播种的处理,最小值均出现在10月20日播种的处理,在其处理下,密度为360万,240万,120万·hm^-2的公顷穗数分别为513.0万穗,487.5万穗和399.0万穗·hm^-2,分别比10月2日播种的减少了118.5万穗,123.0万穗和177.0万穗·hm^-2。播期和密度对济麦22的千粒质量也具有显著影响,千粒质量最大值出现在10月2日播种,密度为120万·hm^-2的处理,为42.7g,3种密度的最低值均出现在播期10月20日的处理。双因素方差分析结果表明,播期、密度及其互作对小麦产量及构成因素均具有极显著的影响,其中对冬小麦产量、公顷穗数和千粒质量影响最大的均为播期。以上研究表明,冬小麦品种(济麦22)在该地区的推荐播期为10月2日左右,适宜播量为240万·hm^-2。

Seeding date and density are critical cultivation factors affecting yields of winter wheat.This paper investigated the effects of 5 kinds of seeding date(Sep.26th,Oct.2nd,Oct.8th,Oct.14th and Oct.20th)and 3 kinds of seeding density(1.2×10^6,2.4×106 and 3.6×10^6 seedling·hm^-2)on the yield of winter wheat Jimai 22.Results showed that highest yield was observed on the seeding date of Oct.2nd and yields decreased before and after that sowing date and the highest yield was 9 613.5 kg·hm-2 at the density of 2.4×10^6 seedling·hm^-2.The highest spike number was obtained during the sowing dates of Sep.2tth-Oct.2nd and the lowest one was on Oct.20th and they were 5.13×10^6,4.88×10^6 and 3.99×10^6 spikes·hm^-2 for the density of 3.6×10^6,2.4×10^6 and 1.2×10^6 seedling treatments which were 1.19×10^6,1.23×10^6 and 1.77×10^6 spikes·hm^-2 less than that of the Oct.2nd sowing date.Both seeding date and density had significant effects on 1 000 grain weight of Jimai 22 and its greatest value was obtained for the seeding date Oct.2nd with density of 1.2×10^6/Seeding·hm^-2 which was 42.7 g.However the lowest values were obtained for the seed date of Oct.20th.Two-way ANOVA analysis result showed that seeding date,density and their interaction all significantly affected the yield and yield components and the seeding date was the most important factor.It could be concluded that the suitable seeding date of the winter wheat Jimai 22 was around Oct.2nd with the seeding density of 2.4×10^6 seedlings·hm^-2.