西安方言疑问副词“得是”的形成

Formation of the Interrogative Adverb “deisi(得是)” in Xi’an Dialect

西安话用于是非问句的“得是”来自情态动词“得”和焦点标记“是”线性组合的词汇化。西安话情态动词“得”有表能性和表道义必要两种基本功能,并在此基础上分别发展出认识情态的用法。在是非问句中,由表道义必要发展出表认识必然用法的“得”,与标记对比焦点的“是”组合凝固,发展为疑问焦点标记,并由疑问焦点标记进一步发展为表测度语气的疑问副词。

The formation of the word “deisi(得是)” in Xi’an dialect is the linear combination of the modal verb “dei(得)” and the focus mark “si(是)”,which undergoes a process of lexicalization.In Xi'an dialect,the modal verb “dei(得)” has two basic functions:dynamic and deontic,and the epistemic modality is developed from these two functions.The epistemic modal verb “dei(得)”,which develops from its deontic meaning,combines with “si(是)”,which is used for marking the contrast focus in yes-no questions.The combination works as a question focus mark in yes-no questions,and further develops into an interrogative adverb,which marks speculative tone.