重建关系性的“乡村”:实体主义乡村发展观的关系转向及其实践脉络

Reconstructing Relational “Rural”: The Relational Turn of Substantialism Viewpoints on Rural Development and Its Practice Context

乡村研究所关怀的对象不仅仅是农业、农村、农民(“三农”问题),而在更深层次包含了对总体性社会结构和社会过程的关注。“乡村”在相当长的时间内都是一种极具争议的理论建构。在全球乡村经历开放式转型的背景下,有关于乡村及其发展的一些传统理论假定需要得到批判性的检视和挑战。实体主义乡村发展观的关系转向为此提供了一种关系性的理论框架来重新理解、描述和建构乡村。乡村振兴的关键在于重构一种关系型的乡村治理体系,其对象不再简单是“人”或“物”,而是涉及城与乡、本地与全球、人类活动与自然社会系统等不同空间尺度之间的空间关系。

The main clues that run through rural studies are not only agriculture,rural areas,and peasant issues (the “three rural issues”),but also the related overall social structure and social processes in a deeper level.The “rural” has been a highly controversial theoretical construction for quite a long time.Some existing assumptions and conclusions on rural and rural development now urgently need to be critically scrutinized and challenged,particularly in the era of open transition of global countryside.The relational turn of substantialism viewpoints on rural development has provided a relational framework for rethinking,redescribing and reconstructing the rural.The key to rural revitalization lies in reconstructing a relational rural governance system.The targets no longer simply concentrate in “human” or “object”,but contain multiple spatial relationship in different spatial scales such as urban and rural,local and global,human activities and natural social systems.