硅氢加成反应用铂催化剂的研究进展

Catalytic Activity, Mechanism, Structure of Platinum Catalysts Used for Hydrosilylation

硅氢加成反应是工业合成有机硅材料的一类重要反应,是指在Pt、Rh、Ir、Ru、Fe等过渡金属盐及其 络合物催化作用下,硅类化合物的Si H键加成到有机化合物不饱和键上的一类反应。其中,钳络合物作为硅 氢加成反应的催化剂 因其催化活性强、转化率高、立体选择性好而应用得最为广泛。本文首先对钳催化硅氢 加成反应的均相催化机理以及非均相催化机理进行了探讨;并对近十年来用于热诱导下硅氢加成反应的钳催 化剂的空间结构、催化活性、稳定性、立体选择性及其再生利用等研究进行了论述。此外,还对光诱导、机械力 诱导下催化硅氢加成反应的钳催化剂进行了总结与分析;最后对硅氢加成反应用钮催化剂未来的发展方向进 行了分析和展望。

Hydrosilylation catalyzed by transition metal salts(Pl,Rh,Ir,Ru,Fe,etc.)and their complexes is an important reaction in industry.This reaction process is mainly the addition of Si-H bond in silicon compounds to unsaturated bond in organic compounds under certain conditions.Platinum complexes are the most popular catalysts for hydrosilylation,due to the excellent catalytic activity,high conversion and good stereoselectivity.In this paper,the catalytic mechanisms of homogeneous platinum catalysts and heterogeneous platinum catalysts for hydrosilylation are illustrated.The spatial structure,catalytic activity,stability,stereoselectivity and recyclability of thernially-driven platinum catalysts for hydrosilylation over the ten years are reviewed.How to improve and control the stereoselectivity and regenerability of platinum catalysts are also discussed.In addition to thermally-activated platinum catalysts,platinum catalysts which are activated by light or mechanical fore are also summarized.Finally,the further development trend of platinum catalysts of hydrosilylation is prospected.