百年散文文体自觉思潮及其美学的建构

The Trend of Self-Conscious Thought of Prose Style in the Past 100 Years and the Construction of Aesthetics

散文文体自觉思潮是由理念、文体和审美等方面的共约性在某一个历史时段的群体共性的表现。1917年至今百年文学史上出现过六次大的散文文体自觉的思潮,围绕散文美学的建构,演绎了中国散文现代转型与发展的历史。“自我表现”思潮,奠定现代散文美学“自我本位”等的最初框架。此后五次思潮围绕着“载道”与“言志”理念而彼此“互悖”与消长。“闲适话语”为散文拓展幽默、性灵、闲适的文体“言志”特征;“诗化散文”将“五四”弃绝的古典主义美学回归散文形式;“真话真情”重回“五四”“言志”的精神传统;“文化诗性”将散文的“载道”与“言志”予以深度的开拓……这些表现着散文美学建构历史嬗变的阶段性特征,彰显着其逐步走向完善:百年散文美学建构中的反复和迂回,给当下散文美学提供了“载道”与“言志”、“破体”与“守范”两对逻辑关系的积极思考。

The trend of self-conscious thought of prose style is the expression of group commonality in a certain historical period, which is based on the three aspects of concepts, styles and aesthetics. In the 100 years from 1917 to the present, there are six trends of self-conscious thought of prose style in literary history,which, centering on the construction of prose aesthetics, have laid out the history of modern transformation and development of Chinese prose. Since then, the trend of "self-expression" established the initial framework of "self-centeredness" of modern prose aesthetics. Then, the five ideological trends have revolved around the concepts of "conveying moral teachings" and "expressing ambition", and "contradicting each other" and gone through growth and decline. "Leisure discourse" expands for prose the features of humor, spirituality and leisurely style;"poetic prose" returns the classical aesthetics abandoned by the May 4 th Movement to the prose form;"truth and true feelings" return to the spiritual tradition of "expressing ambition" of the "May 4 th Movement";and "cultural poetry" extends in depth "conveying moral teachings" and "expressing ambition" of prose. These show the stage characteristics of the historical evolution of prose aesthetics construction,highlighting the gradual improvement to perfection. The repeated and circuitous construction of prose aesthetics in the past 100 years has provided two pairs of positive thinking about the logical relationship between "conveying moral teachings" and "expressing ambition", and "breaking the style" and "abiding by the norms" for the present prose aesthetics.