鲁迅与中国现代文艺理论批评话语系统之建立——以《中国小说史略》为例

Lu Xun and the Establishment of the Discourse System of Chinese Modern Literary Theoretical Criticism——Taking The Brief History of Chinese Fiction as an Example

《中国小说史略》是一部对中国古代小说全面系统评价的文学理论批评著作,虽系文言写成,但在对中国古代小说的批评中,却成功化用了西方的理论方法和文艺批评话语,使之与中国传统文论话语融为一体,成为中国现代文学理论批评话语系统构建的典范。鲁迅对诸多小说的批评论断和对其理论问题的阐释不断被后人引用和遵奉,成为建设当代中国文艺理论批评话语系统借鉴的必要资源。因此,有必要从中国现代文艺理论批评话语构建这一角度,通过鲁迅在《中国小说史略》中对中国古代小说名著和一系列小说学问题的评价、论述,梳理鲁迅文艺理论批评话语的特点,并以鲁迅在《儒林外史》的评价中所建构起的“讽刺理论”为例,阐述鲁迅话语系统构建的一般方法。

The Brief History of Chinese Fiction is a work of literary theoretical criticism with a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of ancient Chinese fiction. Although written in classical Chinese, in the criticism of ancient Chinese fiction, it successfully used Western theoretical methods and literary criticism discourse to integrate it with Chinese traditional literary discourse, thus becoming a model for the construction of the discourse system of Chinese modern literary theoretical criticism. Lu Xun’s criticism of many novels and the interpretation of their theoretical problems have been constantly quoted and complied by later generations, becoming a resource that must be used for building the discourse system of contemporary Chinese literary theoretical criticism. Thus, this thesis, from a completely new perspective of constructing the discourse system, through the evaluation and discussion of Chinese ancient fiction and a series of novels in Lu Xun’s The Brief History of Chinese Fiction, combs up the characteristics of his discourse of literary theoretical criticism. Taking as an example Lu Xun’s "satirical theory" constructed in the evaluation of The Scholars, the general method of constructing Lu Xun’s discourse system is expounded.