人生遭际与诗风转变——以西晋诗人刘琨为例

Life Experience and Change of Poetic Style——Taking Liu Kun as an Example

西晋是一个速盛骤衰、战乱频仍、思想动荡的时代。在急剧的社会变革中,西晋诗坛却群星闪耀,形成了“太康中兴”的局面。特别是刘琨,以其诗歌“悲壮”之风,迥别于当时诗坛“轻绮”之气。刘琨一生以永嘉之乱为界分前后两期:前期作为风流名士跻身“二十四友”;后期作为民族英雄驰骋疆场。虽然由于时代和自身原因,刘琨最终失败被杀,但从风流名士到末路英雄的人生遭际使得刘琨诗风巨变,在现实锤炼中形成“悲壮”风格,成为西晋诗坛上的一面旗帜,更对后世产生深远影响。

The Western Jin Dynasty was an era of rapid rise and fall, frequent wars and ideological turmoil. In the rapid social change, the poetic circles of the Western Jin Dynasty were still filled with famous poets, forming a situation of "Taikang resurgence". In particular, Liu Kun, with his poetic "solemn and stirring" style, was completely different from the "refined and exquisite" style of poetry at that time. With Yongjia rebellion as a dividing line, Liu Kun’s life comprised two parts: as a romantic celebrity among the "24 friends" in the first and as a national hero fighting bravely on the battlefield in the second. Due to the times and his own reasons, Liu Kun was eventually defeated and killed. However, Li Kun’s life experience from a romantic celebrity to a hero in the dead end greatly changed his poetic style, and his "solemn and stirring" style, tempered in the reality, became a banner in the poetic circles of the Western Jin Dynasty and all the more exercised a far-reaching impact on the later generations.