北京市儿童睡眠质量现况及其相关因素分析

Analysis of sleep quality and related factors among children in Beijing

目的 调查北京市儿童睡眠质量现况并分析其相关因素.方法 资料来源于2015年对北京市7个城区的3~14岁的儿童的现状调查.采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取了西城、朝阳、昌平、顺义、房山、怀柔和门头沟共7个区的26所幼儿园和中小学学校,共计11420名儿童.对纳入的儿童采用儿童睡眠问卷(PSQ)调查其睡眠情况,以>7分认为可能存在睡眠质量问题,并采用自制问卷调查与睡眠相关的各种因素.采用多水平模型分析PSQ得分与相关因素的关系.结果 被调查儿童的PSQ平均得分为(3.60±2.69)分,存在睡眠质量问题的儿童比例为8.87%(816/9198).多水平模型分析结果显示,年龄越低的儿童,PSQ得分越高[<6岁比6~12岁比>12岁:(3.94±2.58)分比(3.58±2.66)分比(3.30±2.84)分,F=33.015,P<0.001];男性PSQ得分高于女性[(3.89±2.75)分比(3.30±2.60)分,t=10.560,P<0.001];打鼾、肥胖、父/母打鼾、睡前玩游戏、上网、吃东西等因素与PSQ均具有统计学关联.结论 北京市儿童睡眠质量问题不容忽视,尤其是学龄前儿童PSQ得分较高;建议家长应重视儿童打鼾问题,并尽量减少可能影响睡眠质量的睡前行为.

Objective To investigate the sleep quality of children in Beijing and to analyze the related factors. Methods The data were collected from the survey of 3-14 years old children in 7 urban districts of Beijing in 2015. By using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 26 kindergartens and primary and secondary schools in 7 districts and counties, including Xicheng, Chaoyang, Changping, Shunyi, Fangshan, Huairou and Mentougou, were randomly selected, with a total of 11420 children. Children's sleep status was investigated with Children's Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ), and the proportion of children with sleep quality problems when the PSQ score was greater than 7. Various sleep related factors were investigated with self-made questionnaire. A multilevel model was used to analyze the relationship between PSQ score and related factors. Results The average PSQ score of the children was 3.60±2.69. The proportion of children with sleep quality problems was 8.87%(816/9 198). Multilevel model analysis showed that the younger the children, the higher the PSQ score (<6 years old vs. 6~12 years old vs.> 12 years old:3.94±2.58 vs. 3.58±2.66 vs. 3.30±2.84, F=33.015, P<0.001);male PSQ score higher than female (3.89±2.75 vs. 3.30±2.60, t=10.560, P<0.001);and snoring, obesity, father/mother snoring, playing games before bed, surfing the internet, eating and other factors were statistically related to PSQ. Conclusions Sleep quality of children in Beijing should not be neglected, especially preschool children with high PSQ scores. Parents should pay attention to children's snoring problems and try to reduce some pre-sleep behaviors that may affect sleep quality.