贵州省2014-2017年流行性乙型脑炎实验室确诊病例临床特征

Clinical features of laboratory-confirmed Japanese encephalitis in Guizhou province, 2014-2017

目的分析贵州省流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)实验室确诊病例的临床特征。方法通过中国乙脑监测信息报告管理系统收集贵州省2014-2017年乙脑实验室确诊病例,进行描述流行病学分析结果共调查贵州省2014-2017年乙脑实验室确诊病例189例,其中<10岁的病例占73.02%;具有发热、意识障碍、抽搐、脑膜刺激征、巴氏征阳性的病例分别占98.94%、85.71%、59.79%、59.79%、33.86%;具有该5种临床特征中1-2种的病例占20.63%,同时具有5种的病例占16.93%.体温39-40℃.非喷射性呕吐、反复抽搐分别占发热、呕吐、抽搐病例的62.56%、73.81%、42.48%.结论贵州省乙脑实验室确诊病例的临床特征呈现多样性且部分病例临床表现不典型。建议提高乙脑监测的敏感性,早诊断早治疗。

Objective To describe clinical features of laboratory-confirmed Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guizhou province. Methods We obtained data on laboratory-confirmed JE cases reported in Guizhou during 2014-2017 to the China JE Surveillance System, and conducted descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results We investigated 189 laboratory-confirmed JE cases;73.02% of the cases were under 10 years old. Cases with fever, altered consciousness, convulsions, meningeal irritation signs, and with positive Babinski signs accounted for 98.94%, 85.71%, 59.79%, 59.79%, and 33.86%, respectively;20.63% of cases had 1-2 of the five features, and 16.93% had all five features. Temperatures of 39-40℃ and presence of non-projectile vomiting or repeated convulsions accounted for 62.56%, 73.81%, and 42.48% of fever, vomiting, and convulsion cases, respectively. Conclusions Clinical features of laboratory-confirmed JE in Guizhou were multifarious;some were atypical. We recommend improving JE surveillance sensitivity, rapid diagnosis, and treatment.