政府主导 市场运作 企业参与 全力提升对口支援就业扶贫工作水平——基于新疆和田地区就业扶贫工作的调查研究

Government Guidance and Market Coordination in the Full Promotion of Labor Transferance for Poverty Alleviation——Report on Labor Transferance Employment and Poverty Alleviation Work in Hotan District, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

新疆和田部分区县的劳动力转移就业扶贫工作,在促进和推动劳动力转移就业扶贫方面的基本做法有三:一是由政府部门直接组织协调,向疆外和北疆地区输出较大规模的劳动力;二是在政府引导下由劳务公司和培训学校教育培训后,向外转移和输出一批劳动力;三是由政府支持在当地创办更多中小微企业,吸收接纳一批就近就地就业人员等等。经验措施包括:“凡就业先培训”的办法;劳动力转移采取“组团式”输出方式;形成“双语干部驻厂配合集中管理”特色模式;以及解除劳务输出人员后顾之忧的“四托”政策(托儿、托老、托养牲畜、托种土地)等等十多条。这些做法和措施是在实践中逐步摸索实行的,值得其他地区的扶贫工作中,特别是一些少数民族贫困区推广借鉴。

By investigating of the labor transferance employment for poverty alleviation work in some districts and counties in Hotan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, this paper summarizes the basic practical work about promoting labor transferance for Uygur poverty alleviation by the local governments, training centers and schools, and business enterprises in Hotan. There are three basic practical experiences on labor transferance employments for poverty alleviation: first, local governments directly organize and coordinate to arrange and send large-scale labors to outside Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang;second, under the guidance of local governments, the local labor service companies and training schools train and then send a batch of labor force through several months' education and training;third, local governments support to establish more small and medium- sized enterprises to absorb a number of nearby surplus labors to have a job in the local area. The specific measures and practices include more than 10 policies, such as the "first training and then transfer" approach, the "large-group-transfer labors" arrangement, the "bilingual cadre-stationed management" model, and the "4 cares-custody-assistant" policies (such as cares for the childcares, cares for the elderly, cares for raising livestock, and cares for land plantings) to relieve the transferring laborers' burdens and worries and so on. These practices and measures are worthwhile to promote in other poverty-stricken areas, especially in some minority poverty-stricken areas in the country.