纳米活性材料在间充质干细胞治疗中的应用

Application of Bioactive Nanoparticles on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy

干细胞由于具有自我更新和定向分化潜能,在疾病治疗中取得了重要进展,然而其治疗效果还有待进一步提高。近年来,人们通过纳米材料本身或负载化学小分子药物、细胞因子、核酸药物、多肽等组成一类具有生物活性的纳米材料,以改善干细胞存活和归巢、调控干细胞的行为、诱导干细胞的分化、增强干细胞的旁分泌等,从而显著提高干细胞的治疗效果。另外,为了解干细胞如何发挥治疗效用、优化治疗方法等方面的信息,一些纳米探针被用于标记示踪干细胞注射或移植后在体内的命运。从介绍干细胞治疗入手,综合分析了细胞治疗目前存在的问题以及干细胞联合生物材料治疗的必要性,并对纳米材料在干细胞示踪成像方面的应用以及纳米材料负载化学药物、基因药物提高干细胞治疗效果的研究现状进行了综述。随着纳米技术的发展以及人们对干细胞研究的深入,相信在不远的将来,纳米材料联合干细胞将在疾病的治疗中发挥越来越重要的作用。

Stem cell has made tremendous progress on the treatment of diseases due to its self-renewal and directed differentiation. However,its therapeutic effect needs to be further improved. Recently,bioactive nanoparticles consisting of nanoparticles or nanoparticles loaded with chemicals,cytokines,nucleotides and peptides,could significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell. The bioactive nanoparticles could promote the survival,homing,differentiation and paracrine of stem cell and regulate its in vivo behaviors. In addition,in order to understand how stem cells play a therapeutic role and optimize treatment methods,the nanoprobes have been developed for tracking stem cell fate in vivo following administration or transplantation. Starting with the introduction of stem cells therapy,this paper comprehensively analyzed the current problems in cell therapy and the necessity of stem cells combined with biomaterial,and reviewed the applications of nanoparticles in stem cells tracing,as well as the research of nanoparticles loaded with chemical drugs and gene drugs to improve the therapeutic effect of stem cells. With the development of nanotechnology and the in-depth study of stem cells,it is believed that nanoparticles combined with stem cells will play an increasingly important role in the treatment of diseases in the near future.