南朝陈县级封国地理与置省原因探微

On Geography and the Cause of Setting and Abolishing the County-level Principalities in the Chen Dynasty

南朝陈县级封国以陈武帝永定三年、文帝天康元年、宣帝太建七年、后主祯明二年为断限可分为三个时期。整体来看,江广湘三州所置县级封国最多,其中广州的政治地位发生巨大变化,使陈朝政治结构呈"扬、广对立"的态势。此外,宗室成员所封国除陈胤外,均置于江湘丰三州。与之不同,非宗室成员封国则分布范围较广,反映南北相形之下,陈势力日衰,宗室亦日趋于软弱。此外,陈初出于稳定政局所需,导致地方蛮族洞主的封国仅次于宗室。然待政权稍为安定,武帝尤其文帝便渐渐去之。宣帝为消除篡位的恶名及树立威望,且需解决国防问题,使得拥立和立有军功者多得封国。后主时封国的设置主要来自于护持后主和降等绍封者。而后主降等绍封原功勋大臣之后,当是其希图获得功臣势力集团支持的善政之一。

The setting of county-level principalities in the Chen Dynasty can be divided into three periods taking the third year of Yongding(Emperor Chen Wu),the first year of Tiankang(Emperor Wen),the seventh year of Taijian(Emperor Xuan),the second year of Zhenming(the last Emperor of Chen) as time limit. On the whole,county-level principalitics were mostly set in Jiangzhou,Guangzhou and Xiangzhou. The political status of Guangzhou had changed greatly,resulting in the opposition between Yangzhou and Guangzhou. Besides,except for ChenYi,the principalities of imperical clan members were located in Jiangzhou,Xiangzhou and Fengzhou. In contrast,the principalitics of non-clan member countries were widely distributed,which reflected that in the North and South Dynasty,the power of Chen is becoming weaker and weaker. In addition,at the early stage of Chen Dynasty,the principalitics of local barbarian cave owners were second only to the imperial clan member in order to stabilize the situation.However,when the regime was slightly stable,Emperor Wu,especially Emperor Wen,gradually removed the principalitics gradually. In order to eliminate the bad reputation of usurping the throne and establish prestige,Emperor Xuan needed to solve the problem of national defense,so more people who supported and established military achievements got principalitics. At the last period of Chen,principalitics mainly belonged to those who support the last Emperor and the descendants of meritorious Ministers,which was one of the good governance in the hope of winning the support of meritorious power groups.