马克思政治经济学批判的时间尺度

On the Time Dimension of Marx’s Criticism of Political Economy

马克思政治经济学批判的目的在于揭露资本主义生产方式及其社会关系的剥削本质,而时间恰好构成反映资本主义剥削的重要范畴之一,因此它理应成为理解马克思政治经济学批判理论的重要维度。马克思一方面通过对“工作日”这一显性时间尺度的分析,揭示了资本主义生产方式的非人性、剥削性和实质从属性;另一方面又通过“物化的劳动时间”这一隐性的时间尺度,揭示了资本主义社会关系所具有的物化本质、同一性逻辑及其内在自反性。最后,马克思以“自由时间”开启了劳动解放的现实之路,奠定了未来社会的财富衡量标准和人的自由全面发展的现实基础。

The purpose of Marx’s criticism of political economy is to expose the exploitative nature of capitalist production mode and social relations, and time just constitutes one of the important categories reflecting capitalist exploitation. Therefore, time should become an important dimension to understand Marx’s critical theory of political economy. On the one hand, Marx re vealed inhumanity, exploitability and substantive-subordination of the capital production mode through the dominant time scale “working day”;on the other hand, Marx revealed materialized nature, identity logic and inherent reflexivity of capitalist social relations by the recessive time scale “materialized labor time”. Finally, Marx opened the realistic road of human’s labor libera tion with “free time”, laid the foundation for measurement of wealth in future and free and all-round development of human be ings.