木质素解聚研究新进展

Progress on Research of Depolymerization of Lignin

木质素是由苯丙烷单元通过碳-碳键和醚键连接而成的无定形聚合物,是植物界中储量仅次于纤维素的第二大生物质资源。作为典型的生物质材料,木质素是芳香族化合物中少有的可再生资源之一。由于木质素结构中含有丰富的芳香基团及甲氧基、酚羟基、醇羟基、羰基、醛基等基团,且资源丰富,将其通过解聚工艺由生物质材料转化为石油化工单体日益受到人们的关注。文中从木质素的结构出发,围绕木质素的解聚问题,从热解解聚、氧化解聚和水解解聚三方面总结和评述了最近几年木质素在解聚研究方面所取得的最新研究进展,对其存在的问题和解决方法进行了综合分析,提出了今后木质素解聚研究的若干方向,并对木质素未来的应用前景及所面临的机遇与挑战做了展望。

Lignin is an amorphous polymer composed of phenylpropane units connected by carbon-carbon bonds and ether bonds, which is the second largest biomass resource behind cellulose in the plant kingdom. As a typical biomass material, lignin is one of the rare renewable resources of aromatic compounds in nature. Due to abundant aromatic groups and methoxy, phenolic hydroxyl, alcohol hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aldehyde groups within the lignin macromolecule chains, and abundant resources of lignin in the nature, lignin can be converted from the biomass materials to the petrochemical products by the depolymerization process, which has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the new progress on the pyrolysis, oxidation and hydrolysis of lignin was summarized and reviewed from the view of lignin depolymerization. The existing problems and solutions were analyzed comprehensively and several directions of study on the depolymerization of lignin in the future were put forward, meanwhile, the prospects of lignin application and the opportunities and challenges faced were also prospected.