生态补偿收益分配方法理论探讨

Study on Theory of Payments for Ecosystem Services Income Allocation

生态补偿收益分配通常指向区域/流域生态保护付出方支付现金或给予实物奖励,用于资助其增加生态系统服务价值的行为付出。生态补偿的收益分配方法已被学术界广泛研究。生态补偿项目资助执行期长,中期运行管理费用高,保护成果难以体现生态保护投入者的直接付出。在生态补偿实施的关键阶段,移动支付作为便捷的支付手段,可有效解决收益分配中的不均衡问题。移动支付可与小额信贷、微型保险和援助救济等区域/流域脱贫发展活动相结合,实现多元化支付。对于流动资金转化率高的柬埔寨、中国、坦桑尼亚和菲律宾,移动支付可用于蓄积社会分散资金,便于解决生态保护过程中的突发情况。与移动支付相结合的收益分配可降低交易成本,满足保护活动中资金的高频交易需求。基于移动支付的生态补偿收益分配方法利于改善支付隐私,提高分配透明度,增强安全性,是实现区域/流域生态补偿行为的有效、公平方法。

The income allocation of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) usually refers to the cash payment or material rewards for the ecological protectors to subsidize their behaviors of adding service values in ecosystem. At present, the method of PES income allocation has been extensively studied. However, the period of implementation of PES projects is long, the operation and management cost is high, and the results of protection hardly represent the PES investment. As a convenient means of payment, the mobile payment can effectively solve the problem of imbalanced distribution of PES income at the key stage of PES implementation. Mobile payments can be combined with microfinance, micro-insurance and other regional/watershed poverty alleviation activities to achieve diversified payments. For Cambodia, China, Tanzania and the Philippines, where mobile capital conversion rate is high, mobile payments can be used to accumulate social funds to deal with the emergencies during the process of ecological protection. The allocation of income combined with mobile payments can reduce the transaction costs and meet high frequency trading needs of funds in protection activities. The income allocation method of PES based on mobile payment is useful to improve payment privacy, allocation transparency rate and safety. As a result, it is an effective and fair way to realize regional/basin PES income allocation.