论孟子的“以意逆志”说

On Mencius the Theory of “Understanding by Heart”

孟子的“以意逆志”说,就其本人用意来讲,最初是为解《诗》而提出的,其解《诗》立场也合乎儒家“善”的范畴,即儒家所认同的道德伦理范畴。从历代学者对“以意逆志”的内涵分解诠释中,得知孟子的“以意逆志”就是要用读者的思想情志去推求作者的思想感情和意图,而这一过程正需要我们主动去“推心”。西方文论里以文本为中心的“新批评”和以读者为中心的“接受美学”的某些内涵诠释正与“以意逆志”说不谋而合,同时又反证了其诠释的不充分性,而我们运用“以意逆志”所探求到的永远都只是一个无限靠近作者原意的阐释。

Mencius' theory of "Understanding by Heart" was originally put forward for the purpose of understanding poetry, and its stand of interpretation of poetry was also in line with the category of "goodness" of Confucianism, that is the moral and ethical category recognized by the confucianists. From the interpretation of the meaning of "Understanding by Heart" by scholars of all dynasties, we know that Mencius'"Understanding by Heart" is to use the readers' thoughts and feelings to deduce the author's thoughts , feelings and intentions, and this process needs us to "push the heart" on our own initiative. The "New criti cism" centered on text and the reader-centered "Reception aesthetics" in western literary theory coincide with the interpretation of some connotations of "Understanding by Heart", and at the same time prove the contrary. And we use the "Understanding by Heart" to explore forever is only an infinite close to the author's interpretation of the original meaning.