室内土遗址气-液相变补水的可行性研究——以杭州萧山跨湖桥遗址博物馆为例

Research on the feasibility of water replenishment by phase transition for indoor earthen sites

土遗址保护具有很大难度,其中土体中水分的单向迁移和蒸发是室内土遗址产生各种病害的重要原因,实践表明保存原状或采用各种化学材料进行加固都很难预防。利用人工“气-液相相变补水”的原理,在不改变土遗址原状的条件下,控制和维持室内土遗址水分的平衡,以达到稳定土中盐分、防止土体开裂和粉化的目标,这可能成为一种室内土遗址保护的新技术。为此,以杭州萧山跨湖桥遗址博物馆为例,进行了一系列研究工作,包括:实验室气-液相变补水小试验、建立水汽冷凝速率方程、开展室内土遗址现场补水实验等。初步探索了各种控制条件对补水速率的影响,验证了气-液相变补水的可行性与效果,为未来更大规模试验提供了基本方法。

Unidirectional migration and evaporation of water are important causes of various diseases of indoor earthen sites. In the past, it was difficult to prevent such diseases using various chemical materials. Using the technique of artificial “water replenishment by gas-liquid phase transition” and the principle of not changing the original soil, the water balance of indoor earthen sites was maintained and controlled, resulting in a stable soil salinity and the prevention of soil cracking and pulverization. This method may become a new technology for earthen site protection. For this reason, we took the earthen site of Kuahuqiao Site Museum as an example, and carried out a series of experiments, including conducting lab-scale experiments of gas-liquid phase transitions, developing water vapor condensation rate equations and carrying out an on-site water replenishment experiment at the indoor earthen site. The impacts of various conditions on the rate of water replenishment have been explored in a preliminary way, and the feasibility and effect of water replenishment by gas-liquid phase transition have been verified. Hopefully our research will provide the basis for larger-scale experiments in the future.