日本高松冢古坟微生物病害及其防治研究概述

Review of microbial deterioration and control of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus, Japan

高松冢古坟是日本国宝级文化遗产,对其实施的原址保护一度是文物保护界的样板工程和国际典范,然而正是逐渐失控的微生物病害导致古坟解体搬迁至异地保护,复杂的人为介入手段是否有助于墓葬壁画的原址保护,值得更进一步探讨和反思。本研究回顾了高松冢古坟自发掘至今的保护历程,重点总结了侵害古坟石室及壁画微生物类群的调查分析及其防治措施的研究。通过对古坟病害微生物群落特征、环境因素变化及防治干预措施等方面相关文献资料的全面梳理和解读,客观评价了该遗址所取得的研究进展及经验教训,为我国乃至世界其他同类环境中壁画保护提供启示与借鉴。

Takamatsuzuka Tumulus is a national cultural heritage site in Japan, and the in-situ conservation of this site was considered to be an international paragon for the field of cultural heritage conservation in the last century. Nevertheless, the gradually uncontrolled biodeterioration resulted in the dismantlement of the ancient tumulus to be conserved ex-situ. It now deserves further rethinking and exploration as to whether those complex artificial intervention methods were conductive to the in-situ conservation of tomb murals. This paper reviews the conservation course of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus since its excavation, and mainly summarizes the existing studies of biodeterioration of the tumulus and the corresponding protection measures. In addition, this paper also makes a comprehensive review and interpretation of related literature about the archaeological site and its contents, including the characteristics of microbial communities involved in the biodeterioration, changes of environmental factors as well as control and intervening measures. It objectively evaluates the research progress, experience and lessons of the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus conservation, and provides a reference for the future conservation of tomb murals preserved in the similar environments in China and other countries.