秦陵陪葬坑出土百戏俑彩绘颜料的初步研究

Preliminary study of the pigments on an acrobat figurine excavated from Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum

为研究秦陵陪葬坑出土百戏俑身上颜料与兵马俑身上所使用的颜料异同,本研究使用偏光显微镜、带能谱仪的扫描电镜、拉曼光谱仪对秦陵K9901坑出土的一件百戏俑身上的黄、黑、白色三种颜料进行分析。结果表明此三种颜料均为矿物颜料,其中黄色颜料为砷铅矿族系矿物;黑色颜料为含有红色Fe2O3颗粒的黑色CuO;白色颜料为羟基磷灰石。秦陵百戏俑这些颜料与兵马俑颜料既有区别,又有联系,为研究秦陵丰富的考古文化提供了重要信息。

An acrobat figurine has been excavated from Pit K9901 of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum. In our study, we analyzed the yellow, black and white pigments on it, using polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Raman spectrometry. The result indicates that they are all mineral pigments. The yellow pigment is from the mimetite group, the black pigment is copper oxide (CuO) with red ferric oxide (Fe 2O 3) particle inclusions, and the white pigment is hydroxyapatite [Ca 10 (PO 4) 6(OH) 2]. There are not only differences but also connections between these pigments and those of the terra-cotta warriors. The study of these pigments provides us with important information in terms of exploring splendid archaeological culture of Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum.