虢国墓地M2009出土麻织品上红色染料的鉴定

Identification of red dye on hemp fabric unearthed from Tomb M2009 in the Cemetery of Guo State

三门峡虢国墓地是研究西周晚期诸侯文化的重要考古遗址。在M2009虢仲墓中发现了一件麻织短裤和一件麻织短褂,这套麻织品文物是为数不多的保留至今的西周服饰,最为重要的是这套麻织品分为两层,内层着鲜艳红色,明显进行过人工染色。本研究采用能谱分析仪和激光共焦显微拉曼光谱仪对麻织短裤上的红色颗粒进行检测分析,结果表明该红色颗粒主要成分为Fe2O3,而天然赭石的主要成分也为Fe2O3,因此确定麻织物上的红色是由赭石染色的结果。这一发现为西周时期织物染色应用石染提供了实证。

The Cemetery of Guo State in Sanmenxia is an important archaeological site to study the culture of princes in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. In Tomb M2009, a pair of hemp shorts and a piece of hemp short gown were found. This collection of hemp fabrics is one of the few Western Zhou costumes preserved to date. The hemp fabrics are divided into two layers. The inner layer was apparently dyed with a bright red color artificially. In our study, we analyzed and identified the red particles on the hemp shorts, using energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and micro-confocal laser Raman spectrometry. According to the results, the main component of the red particles is ferric oxide (Fe2O3), which is also the main component of natural ocher, indicating that the red color on the hemp fabric was the result of dyeing with ocher. This discovery provides empirical evidence of the use of ocher for clothing dyeing in the Western Zhou Dynasty.