论我国涉外协议管辖制度中的实际联系原则

Study on Principle of Effective Connection in China’s Foreign Agreement Jurisdiction System

涉外协议管辖制度的本意是维护当事人的意思自治,因此国际社会对协议选择法院的实际联系原则出现了弱化趋势。其中,大陆法系各国对实际联系原则规定各有不同;英美法系没有规定实际联系原则,而是以“合理性”和不方便法院原则作为限制条件;《协议选择法院公约》规定无实际联系只是拒绝管辖的例外,并没有认可实际联系原则。我国涉外协议管辖制度中的实际联系原则存在统一立法不合理、判断标准不明确的问题,协议管辖应该立足于我国国情,对涉外协议管辖进行单独规定、对实际联系的判断标准采取扩张解释。

The original intention of the foreign-related agreement jurisdiction system is to maintain the parties' autonomy of will, therefore, the principle of effective connection in agreement jurisdiction has been weakened in the international community. Among them, the continental legal system countries have different provisions on the principle of effective connection;instead of stipulating the principle of effective connection, the common law system countries take "reasonableness" and the principle of inconvenient court as restriction conditions;the Convention on Choice of Court Agreement provides that the absence of a DE facto connection is an exception to the refusal of jurisdiction and does not recognize the principle of DE facto connection. The effective connection principle in China's foreign agreement jurisdiction system has the problems of unreasonable unified legislation and unclear judgment standard. Agreement jurisdiction should be based on China's national conditions, and the foreign agreement jurisdiction should be regulated separately and the criteria of actual connection should be explained extensively.