论樟树方言被动标记“等”及其语法化

Research of Passive Marker "等" and Its Grammaticalization in Zhangshu Dialect

樟树方言中的“等”可以做被动标记。通过与历时语料比较和与共时语料比较相结合的方法,可以发现樟树方言里的被动标记“等”大致经历了这样的语法化过程:表“等待”的动词“等”→表“允许、让”的使役动词“等”→被动标记“等”。在这一语法化过程中,认知和语用因素,句法位置改变、语境影响和重新分析等机制发挥了很大的作用。

The "等" in Zhangshu dialect can be a passively marker. By appling the method of diachronic comparison and synchronic comparison, we can find that the passive marker "等" in Zhangshu dialect has gone through such a grammaticalization process: the verb "等" which expresses the meaning of "wait"→causative verb "等" which expresses the meaning of "allow"→the passive marker "等". In this process of grammaticalization, cognitive and pragmatic factors,the change of syntactic position, the influence of context and the re-analysis mechanism have play important roles.