清代闽西的生态压力与人口迁徙——基于高头江氏族谱与契约的分析

Ecological Stress and Population Migration ——With the Jiang’s Family in Gaotou of the Western Fujian in the Qing Dynasty in Focus

高头多山,自然条件有限。明末以降,高头江氏为解决因人口过度增长所带来的生态压力,不得不选择向外迁徙。而乾嘉道时期东山房江汉蟾家族,尤其是泊清房的兴起表明,虽然高头人地关系紧张,但江文亮等叔侄凭借自身优势,持续在高头购产置业,成为高头土地交易中的重要受入方。与此同时,在社会经济竞争中失败的江文锦,则只能变卖家产,抵充迁台资费,成为高头江氏向外迁徙队伍中的一员。

Gaotou is a mountainous poor area. Since the end of the Ming Dynasty, Jiang's family in Gaotou had to choose to migrate outwards in order to release the ecological pressure brought by the excessive population growth. However, the rise of Jiang Hanchan family in Dong Shanfang Family, of which Boqing House in particular, during the reign from Emperor Qianlong to Emperor Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, showed that although the relationship between people and land is tense, Jiang Wenliang and other uncles and nephews, with their own advantages, continued to settle down and purchase property in Gao Tou and became important recipients in the transaction of Gao Tou land. At the same time, Jiang Wen Jin, who had failed in the social and economic competition, could only sell his family property to offset the cost of moving to Taiwan and became a member of Gao Toujiang's outward migration.