盐碱地不同种植模式对谷子花生生长发育及产量形成的影响

Effects of Different Planting Modes on Growth and Yield Formation of Millet and Peanut in Saline-alkali Land

本试验以谷子、花生单作为对照,设置谷子花生2:2和4:4两种间作模式,研究黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地不同种植模式对谷子花生干物质积累、作物群体覆盖、产量及其构成因素的影响°结果表明:盐碱地花生谷子间作下,谷子干物质积累量在抽穗期、灌浆期和收获期均显著高于单作,且灌浆期和收获期2:2间作模式显著高于4:4间作模式;而间作下花生干物质量各生育期均低于单作°各生育期间作谷子单株叶面积和叶面积指数均高于单作,且两种间作模式差异不显著;而间作花生花针期、结荚期和饱果期单株叶面积和叶面积指数均低于单作,收获期则高于花生单作,且2:2间作高于4:4间作模式°两种间作模式下花生产量差异不显著,但其净面积产量均低于单作;而2:2间作模式谷子产量显著高于4:4间作模式,且两种间作模式下谷子净面积产量均显著高于谷子单作°谷子花生2:2间作模式土地当量比大于4:4间作模式,且均大于1.0°可见,间作谷子在干物质积累、作物群体覆盖、产量等方面均优于单作,而谷子花生2:2模式又优于4:4模式’因此,在黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地区,推广谷子花生2:2间作种植模式利于提高作物群体覆盖、土地生产力,从而促进作物高效共生、盐碱地改良利用和生态可持续发展。

A field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different planting patterns to millet and peanut on dry matter accumulation, crop population coverage, yield and yield components of millet and peanut in saline-alkali soil. Two intercropping modes, millet-peanut intercropping of 2:2 and 4:4 were set as treatment, millet and peanut in single cropping were set as control. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of intercropping millet was significantly higher than that of single cropping at heading stage, filling stage and harvesting stage of millet-peanut intercropping in saline-alkali soil, and the 2:2 intercropping mode was significantly higher than that of 4:4 at filling stage and harvesting stage. However, the dry matter accumulation of peanut under two intercropping modes were both lower than single-cropped peanut in each growth period. Leaf area and leaf area index of millet under intercropping were higher than that under single cropping in each growth period, and the difference between two intercropping modes was not significant. However, the leaf area and leaf area index of intercropping peanut were lower than that of single cropping at pegging stage, fruiting stage and pod-filling stage, while at harvesting stage, it was on the contrary, meanwhile the leaf area and leaf area index of 2:2 intercropping mode was higher than that of 4:4. There were no significant difference in peanut yield between two intercropping modes, but the net area yield was lower than that of single cropping. However, the yield of millet under 2:2 intercropping mode was significantly higher than that under 4:4 mode, and the net area yield of millet under two intercropping modes were both significantly higher than that in single cropping. The LER of 2:2 mode was greater than that of 4:4 mode, and both are greater than 1.0. It can be seen that intercropping millet is superior to single-cropped millet on dry matter accumulation, crop population coverage and yield, while 2:2 intercropping mode of millet-peanut is superior to 4:4 intercropping mode. Therefore, promoting the 2:2 intercropping mode of millet-peanut in the coastal saline-alkali area of the Yellow River delta is beneficial to improving crop population coverage and land productivity, thereby promoting efficient symbiosis of crop, the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land and ecological sustainable development.