1940年代“新英雄”叙事文本的建构与模式

Construction and Mode of “New Hero” Narrative Text in 1940s

延安文艺座谈会后,宣传文化战线确立了为工农兵服务的“新方向”。以吴满有为代表的基层群众成为新闻报道和文学创作的新主人公。在典型报道和文艺创作中,“叙述者”通过对“素材”的组合串联,将“普通工农兵群众”演绎为“故事”中的“英雄”。“叙述者”进入“英雄”的生活,“英雄”与“叙述者”共同完成“故事”和“文本”的创作。不同符号建构的故事文本相互映照,形成一个巨大的“互文性”文本网络,“英雄”也变成某种特定价值表达的“隐喻”。这种“塑造英雄”的宏大叙事,成为以后宣传文化领域进行典型宣传的一种基本模式。另外,出于舆论战的需要,国民党宣传体系对吴满有的“镜像叙事”,为人们研究“新英雄叙事”和“典型宣传”提供了颇有意味的对照文本。

After the Yan’an Forum on Literature and Art, the propaganda and cultural front established a “new direction” to serve workers, peasants and soldiers, and the grassroots represented by Wu Manyou became the new protagonists of news reports and literary works. In these reports and works,“narrator” deduces “ordinary workers, peasants and soldiers” to the “heroes” of “stories” by connecting and reorganizing relevant materials. Narrator enters the life of heroes, and they jointly complete the creation of “story” and “texts”. Story texts constituted by different symbols reflect each other, forming a larger “intertextual” text network, and “hero” also becomes a metaphor that expresses certain values. This grand narrative of “creating heroes” became a basic mode of publicizing typical figures since then. The Kuomintang propaganda system’s “mirror image narration” of Wu Manyou provides a meaningful contrast text for studying “new hero narration” and “publicity of typical characters”.