洱海流域农村生活污水治理技术评价

Evaluation of rural domestic wastewater treatment technologies in Lake Erhai Basin

水污染治理技术评价对了解技术现状与技术水平具有重要意义。针对洱海流域农村生活污水治理技术特点,建立了全量化的技术评价指标体系,包括经济效益、环境效益与技术水平3个方面共8项指标,基于专家咨询和层次分析法,提出了技术效益评价的计算方法,并对洱海流域5项农村生活污水治理技术〔湖湾周边直接入湖污水处理技术、厌氧塘+表流湿地技术、兼氧膜生物反应器(FMBR)处理生活与养殖混合废水技术、农村生活和养殖污水处理集成技术、厌氧池土壤净化槽集成技术〕进行评价。结果表明:5项技术综合效益( A )得分为6.11~8.19,其中厌氧池土壤净化槽集成技术、农村生活和养殖污水处理集成技术等级为优秀,其余3项技术等级为良好。基于技术评价结果进行技术应用决策时,应根据经济效益与环境效益分项评价结果因地制宜地选择适用技术。

The evaluation of water pollution treatment technologies is of great significance to understand the current situation and level of technologies. According to the technical characteristics of rural domestic wastewater treatment in Lake Erhai Basin, a fully quantified technical evaluation index system was established, including 8 indicators in economic benefit, environmental benefit and technical level. Based on expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process, the calculation method of technical benefit evaluation was put forward, and five rural domestic wastewater treatment technologies in Lake Erhai Basin were evaluated, including a whole set of wastewater treatment technology from perimeter of the lake bay, the anaerobic pond and surface flow wetland technology, the FMBR technology for mixed wastewater of living and farming, the integrated technology of living and farming wastewater treatment, the integrated technology of anaerobic pond and soil treatment tank. The results showed that the comprehensive benefit ( A ) score of the five technologies was 6.11-8.19. The integrated technology of anaerobic pond and soil treatment tank, and the integrated technology of living and farming wastewater treatment were excellent, and the other three technologies were good. As the technologies are applied according to the results of the technology evaluation, the appropriate technologies should be selected according to the results of the itemized evaluation of technical and economic benefits and environmental benefits.