加拿大化学品管理法规制度及其对我国的借鉴

Chemical management regulation system in Canada and the reference to China

加拿大在化学品管理方面构建了一套立法完整、方法科学、手段丰富的管理体系,形成了以联邦、省、市三级管理为格局,以科学管理为基本原则,以全生命周期管理为特点,以多部门协调配合为手段的管理体系框架,对于完善中国化学品管理具有重要的参考与借鉴价值。综述了加拿大化学品管理立法情况和化学品管理计划,着重解读了《加拿大环境保护法》《危险产品法》“工作场所有害物质信息系统”和《新物质申报条例》的管理思路。总结了目前我国化学品管理工作进展,提出完善我国化学品管理法规的建议:完善化学品环境管理立法;建立化学品全生命周期管理体系;加大风险管控措施,建立健全优先控制化学品清单;加强公众参与。

Canada has set up a management system with complete legislation, rigorous methods and abundant means in chemical management. It has formed a three-level management system framework of federal, provincial and municipal levels, with rigorous management as the basic principle, life cycle management as its characteristic and multi-sectoral coordination as an important approach. The experience should be important reference for improving China’s chemical management. The legislation of chemicals management in Canada and the chemical management programs were reviewed, emphatically the management ideas of Canadian Environmental Protection Law, Hazardous Product Act, Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System, and New Substances Notification Regulations were interpreted. The progress of chemicals management in China were summarized, and the proposals were put forward to perfect China’s chemicals management as follows: improving the legislation of chemical environmental management, establishing the life cycle management system for chemicals, strengthening risk control measures and establishing the priority control list, and encouraging public participation.