上海虹口区老年人跌倒的现况调查

An Investigation into Fall Prevalence among People over 60 years old in Hongkou District of Shanghai

目的了解60岁及以上社区老年人跌倒流行特征,为预防老年跌倒,提高老年人生活质量提供依据。方法由经过培训的调查员入户对1306名60岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查,分析其流行特征、危险因素及疾病负担。结果调查对象在过去12个月内的跌倒发生率为17.84%(95%可信区间为15.74%-19.86%)。女性高于男性(21.40%vs13.34%),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=14.254,P<0.001)。不同年龄组发生率也不同,60~69岁组发生率为11.42%,70~79岁为23.40%,80岁及以上为23.31%,三组的差异有统计学意义(χ^2=31.567,P<0.001);两两比较后,70~79岁、80岁及以上者跌倒发生率均高于60~69岁组(χ^2=24.723,P<0.001;χ^2=22.740,P<0.001)。不同的文化程度也影响跌倒的发生率,小学及以下人群发生率高于中学群体(χ^2=28.188,P<0.001),也高于大专及以上学历者,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=7.807,P<0.05)。跌倒后受伤的百分比为70.16%,医疗费用中位数为300元。结论虹口区老年跌倒危害严重,应积极针对女性、高龄、低文化程度的老年人采取综合干预措施。

Objective Reporting the prevalence of falls and relevant disease burden of falls among people over 60 for the aim of preventing falls among seniors and improving their life quality of life. Methods A household survey of 1 306 people over 60 and older was conducted by trained investigators. The prevalence of fall, relevant risk factors and disease burden of falls were analyzed. Results The fall incidence rate in the respondents was 17.84% in the past 12 months (15.74%-19.86%, 95% CI). The fall incidence was significantly higher in women compared to that in men (21.40% vs. 13.34%;(χ^2=14.254, P<0.001). The fall incidence rate differed across age groups, with the incidence of 11.42% in the age group of 60~69, 23.40% in the age group of 70~79, and 23.31% in the age group over 80, respectively. The rate difference across the three population groups was statistically significant (χ^2=31.567, P<0.000 1). Post- hoc comparisons revealed that the incidences in populations 70~79 years old, 80 years old and over 80 are higher than that in the group 60~69 age group (χ^2=24.723,P<0.000 1;χ^2=22.740,P<0.000 1). The incidence of falls varied with level of education levels, with the highest rate in people educated at. primary school and below level. 70.16% of falls in the seniors resulted in injuries which were associated with 300 RMB as the median of medical cost. is 300 Chinese Yuan for old patients due to fall-induced injury. Conclusions Fall in seniors living in Hongkou District is a public health problem leading to injuries and economic burden. The risk populations of senior women or lower education level, in particular, should be cared by adopting comprehensive interventions.