49份福建南酸枣资源果实表型性状多样性分析

Morphological Diversity of 49 Choerospondias Axillaris Germplasms in Fujian

【目的】南酸枣具有较高的经济价值,随着产业发展,果用型南酸枣品种选育工作滞后成为制约产业转型发展的障碍;通过对资源果实表型性状多样性研究,为果用型南酸枣品种选育提供基础。【方法】以49份南酸枣果实为材料,对果纵径、果横径、果形指数、单果重等17个表型性状指标进行观测分析,并采用主成分分析和聚类分析等方法进行分类研究。【结果】表型数量性状的变异系数为7.07%~29.91%,其变异程度为单果重>果核重>果皮重>果核纵径>果横径>果纵径>可食率>果核指数>果核横径>果形指数。相关性分析发现,可食率与单果重、果纵横径呈极显著正相关,而与果皮重和果核重无相关性。主成分分析表明,前7个主成分累计贡献率为81.61%,第1主成分贡献率为32.98%,特征向量单果重、果纵径、果横径、果核重、果皮重和果核纵径等。聚类分析在欧氏距离11.60处将49份南酸枣资源分为5组。【结论】南酸枣果实各性状间相互影响,即单一性状的改变可能导致果实综合表型性状差异,南酸枣种质资源具有丰富的形态多样性和遗传多样性。

【Objective】 The diversity of Choerospondias axillaris germplasms was studied for breed selection as the increasing market demand on the fruits making it a promising economic crop to help alleviate the poverty in the mountainous areas in Fujian.【Methods】The fruit morphology of 49 varieties of C. axillaris were compared and statistically classified.【Results】The variation coefficients on 17 morphological characteristics of the fruits ranged from 7.07% to 29.91% in the order of: individual fruit weight>stone weight>pericarp weight>stone length>fruit diameter>fruit length>edible proportion>stone shape index>stone diameter>fruit shape index. The edible proportion significantly correlated to the weight or diameter of an individual fruit,but not to the weight of pericarp or stone. The principal component analysis indicated that the 7 top-ranking indicators contributed to 81.61% of the variation,and the individual fruit weight alone 32.98%. The eigenvectors were found to be fruit weight,fruit length,fruit diameter,stone weight,pericarp weight,and stone length. The cluster analysis divided the 49 germplasms at the Euclidean distance of 11.60 into 5 different groups.【Conclusion】Each morphological characteristic of C. axillaris fruits appeared to affect the total phenotype. Current C. axillaris germplasm collection was richly diversified genetically and morphologically.