不同贮藏方法对金花茶花品质的影响

Effect of Storage on Quality of Camellia nitidissima Flowers

【目的】探讨不同贮藏方法对金花茶花品质的影响,为金花茶花产品的开发利用提供依据。【方法】以冷冻干燥的金花茶花为材料研究低温避光、室温曝光和室温避光3种贮藏方法对金花茶花品质的影响。每间隔3个月测定其总黄酮、总多糖、总皂苷和茶多酚4种生理活性成分及氨基酸、蛋白质和粗脂肪3种营养成分的动态变化,并进行主成分分析和多指标综合评价。【结果】生理活性成分和营养成分含量及其表面色泽的变化与贮藏方法及时间有关。相同贮藏条件下各贮藏方法的金花茶花总皂苷、茶多酚、蛋白质含量均下降,粗脂肪和总多糖含量升高;低温避光贮藏的总黄酮、总皂苷含量均较其他两种贮藏法的高,粗脂肪则较之低,花色保持不变;室温曝光下总黄酮和总皂苷较贮藏前降低,粗脂肪较贮藏前升高,花朵表面色泽加深变暗。【结论】总黄酮、总皂苷、总多糖、氨基酸总量可作为综合评价金花茶花品质的可选指标。低温和避光利于金花茶花贮藏。从金花茶花品质稳定、外观色泽变化及提高金花茶花等级和售价等方面综合考虑,金花茶花以室温避光贮藏不超过6个月、低温(5℃)避光贮藏不超过12个月为宜。

【Objective】Effects of method and duration of storage on the quality of Camellia nitidissima flowers were studied to provide reference for the pgoduct development of Camellia nitidissima flowers.【Method】Freeze-dried camellias were stored in the dark at low temperature (DLT),under light exposure at room temperature (LRT),or in the dark at room temperature (DRT). The changes on 4 functional ingredients (i.e.,flavonoids,polysaccharides,saponins,and polyphenols),3 nutrients (i.e.,amino acids,protein,and crude fat),and exterior color of the flowers were determined every 3 months for a principal component analysis.【Result】 Under same storage conditions,the contents of saponin,tea polyphenol,and protein of the flowers decreased with time,but those of fat and polysaccharide increased. In a same sampling period,flavonoids and saponins were higher in the flowers under DLT than the other two treatments,but less on fat,and no significant changes on color. Under LRT,flavonoids and saponins in the stored flowers were lower than prior to the storage,whereas,fats higher,and the color intensified and darkened.【Conclusion】The principal component analysis showed that total flavonoids,saponins,polysaccharides,and amino acids could be used as indicators for comprehensive quality evaluation on C. nitidissima flowers. Storage under DRT within 6 months or DLT at 5℃ for less than a year was considered adequate insofar as the stability,exterior color,flower grading,and market value of the freeze-dried camellias are concerned.