长江经济带旅游业绿色生产率测算与时空演变分析

Calculation of green production efficiency of tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and analysis of its spatial and temporal evolution

旅游业绿色生产率是将能源消耗与环境代价纳入旅游业全要素生产率框架,表征旅游业绿色发展能力和水平,关系着区域旅游业可持续发展和生态文明建设。本文在借用“自下而上”法对长江经济带旅游业能源消耗与碳排放评估的基础上,采用基于方向性距离函数的非参数DEA法及ML指数对长江经济带11年间的旅游业绿色生产率进行测度与分解,并运用引力模型对该区域旅游业绿色生产率空间格局演变进行研究。结果表明:①长江经济带旅游业能源消耗与碳排放仍处于增长态势,区域内省份旅游经济与两者(能源消耗与碳排放)正向关联显著,且长江经济带旅游业发展与两者(能源消耗与碳排放)并未实现脱钩。②长江经济带旅游业绿色发展绩效有所提升,但因粗放型发展模式致使其绿色生产率增长迟缓,技术进步已成为该区域旅游业绿色生产率增长的主要源泉,而技术效率驱动作用薄弱。③长江经济带11省市旅游业绿色生产率可分为发展进步型、发展停滞型和发展衰退型,不同类型省份应基于技术进步和技术效率的此消彼长采取适当措施促进旅游业绿色生产率实现俱乐部趋同。④长江经济带旅游业绿色生产率势能值从下游到上游呈“L”型,长三角成为该区域核心增长极,长江中游实现中部隆起而长江上游出现塌陷状态,江西、安徽两省成为长三角和长江中游旅游业绿色生产率联系的重要枢纽,而长江上游旅游业绿色生产率尚未与长三角、长江中游形成相互联系的网络结构。

The green productivity of tourism integrates energy consumption and environmental cost into the measurement framework of tourism total factor productivity. Indicating the green development capacity and level of tourism,it is closely related to the green sustainable development of regional tourism and ecological civilization construction. Based on the ‘bottom-up’method,this paper estimates tourism energy consumption and carbon emissions in the Yangtze River Economic Belt( YREB). Then it measures and decomposes the tourism green productivity of the YREB in 11 years,adopting the non-parametric DEA method based on directional distance function and the ML index. Finally,this paper examines the spatial pattern evolution of tourism green productivity in this region by means of the gravity model. The results show that:①The energy consumption and carbon emissions of tourism in the YREB are still increasing. The tourism economy of these provinces is significantly positively related with energy consumption and carbon emissions,and what is more,the tourism development in the YREB has not decoupled with them( energy consumption and carbon emissions).② The green development performance of tourism industry in the YREB has improved,but the growth of its green productivity remains sluggish due to its extensive development mode. In the meantime,technological progress has become the main source of tourism green productivity growth in the region,while the driving effect of technological efficiency remains weak.③The green productivity of tourism in 11 provinces and cities in the YREB can be divided into three types: progressive,stagnant and declining.Provinces of different types should take appropriate measures to promote tourism green productivity to achieve club convergence according to the variation of technological progress and technical efficiency.④The potential energy value of tourism green productivity in the YREB presents an‘L’shape from downstream to upstream,the Yangtze River Delta being the core growth pole,with the middle reaches uplifted while the upper reaches collapsed. Jiangxi and Anhui provinces become important hubs to connect the green productivity of tourism in the Yangtze River Delta and the middle reaches,however,the green productivity in the upper reaches have not yet formed a network structure with these two areas.