高铁开通对城市生产体系绿色重构的影响

The impact of high-speed railway’s opening on the green reconstruction of urban production system

在高铁广泛开通的时代背景下,研究高铁开通对城市生产体系的变动效应具有十分重要的现实意义。而在环境规制日益趋紧的政策背景下,城市生产体系的绿色重构则又需得到重点关注。本文将高铁开通作为一外生冲击事件,以271个地级及以上城市为研究样本,采用双向固定效应模型,对高铁开通是否可以促进城市绿色发展,进而是否可以重构城市绿色生产体系进行研究,并得到两个主要结论:①高铁开通可以通过产业结构优化效应、技术进步效应、对外开放扩大效应降低城市污染排放,促进城市绿色发展。相较省会城市,高铁开通对非省会城市的工业环境污染物排放降低作用更加明显。②高铁开通可以极大释放服务业集聚对城市生产率的贡献作用,形成就业从第二产业到第三产业的转移效应,加速淘汰工业落后产能、低效产业,形成产业结构绿色发展效应。另外,本文还从空间和产业两个角度讨论新时期城市绿色生产体系的重构问题,以促进城市在新阶段形成可持续绿色发展。在空间方面,宜通过高铁站两端分离、盘活周边区域、筹建清洁主题工业园区等举措释放高铁开通更高的绿色发展效应。在产业方面,一方面可以通过建立服务业多集聚中心、多特色中心、多精品中心,推进结构转换,另一方面则需要顺应“结构智能化”趋势,更好地将高铁站牵引产业与人工智能相融合,以长期推动产业绿色发展。本文最终给出相应政策建议,包括对高铁站附近产业聚集区进行科学设计、将高铁站更多布局于非省会城市、加速形成服务业高铁站高效聚集区、积极做好工业流出人员转就业的培训指导工作。

Under the background of the wide opening of high-speed railway,it is of great practical significance to study the changing effect of high-speed railway’s opening on urban production system. Under the policy background of increasingly tight environmental regulation,the green reconstruction of urban production system needs to be paid more attention. Regarding high-speed railway’s opening as an exogenous shock events,with more than 271 cities at prefecture level or above as the research sample,we adopt the bidirectional fixed effects model to study whether high-speed railway’s opening can promote the green development of city and reconstruct the city green manufacturing system,and two main conclusions are as follows:① High-speed railway ’s opening can reduce the pollution of the city and promote the development of city green through the optimization of industrial structure effect,technological progress effect,opening-up expanding effect. Compared with provincial capitals,the opening of high-speed railway has a more obvious effect on the emission reduction of industrial environmental pollutants in non-provincial capitals.②The opening of high-speed railway can greatly release the contribution of service industry agglomeration to urban productivity,form the transfer effect of employment from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry,accelerate the elimination of backward industrial capacity and inefficient industries,and form the green development effect of industrial structure. In addition,this paper also discusses the reconstruction of urban green production system in the new period from the perspective of space and industry,through which the sustainable green development of cities can be promoted in the new stage. In terms of space,measures should be taken to release the higher green development effect of the opening of the high-speed railway station,such as separating the two ends of the high-speed railway station,invigorating the surrounding area,and preparing for the construction of a cleaner theme industrial park. In terms of industry,on the one hand,we can promote the structural transformation by establishing multi-cluster centers,multi-feature centers and multi-boutique centers for the service industry;on the other hand,we need to follow the trend of‘intelligent structure’and integrate the high-speed railway station traction industry with artificial intelligence at a better level,so as to promote the long-term green development of the industry. In the end,this paper proposes corresponding policy suggestions,including scientific design of industrial clusters around high-speed railway stations,more layout of high-speed railway stations in non-provincial cities,acceleration of the formation of efficient clusters of highspeed railway stations in the service industry,and active training and guidance for the transfer of industrial workers to other posts.