猪粪沼液替代尿素对籼稻生长性状、产量和饲用品质的影响

Effects of biogas slurry produced from swine manure substituting for urea applied on growth traits,yield and forage quality of indica rice

【目的】探讨猪粪发酵沼液替代尿素氮肥对籼稻主要农艺性状、产量和饲用品质的影响,为沼液在饲用籼稻上的合理施用及进一步推进畜禽养殖沼液无害化、资源化利用提供理论参考。【方法】以集约化猪场粪尿发酵后的沼液为肥源,设CO(空白对照,不施氮、磷和钾肥)、CK(不施氮肥,施磷、钾肥)、CF(常规施肥,尿素N375kg/ha)、T1(沼液N20%+尿素N80%)、T2(沼液N40%+尿素N60%)、T3(沼液N60%+尿素N40%)、T4(沼液N80%+尿素N20%)和T5(沼液N100%)共8个处理,籼稻成熟期测定其株高、有效穗数、千粒重、稻谷产量、生物量及稻谷的蛋白质、直链淀粉和水分含量等指标。【结果】各沼液替代尿素氮处理籼稻的生长发育、产量和饲用品质均优于CO和CK;T1~T5处理的籼稻株高与CF处理相比略有下降,T3处理的有效穗数达常规施肥水平。随着沼液施用量的增加,T1~T3处理籼稻产量逐渐提高,与CF处理相比,T3处理的稻谷产量、生物量和千粒重分别增加15.9%、6.9%和6.5%,但T4和T5处理的产量有所下降。T1处理的稻谷蛋白含量显著低于CF处理(P<0.05,下同),T2~T5处理的稻谷蛋白含量与CF处理相当;T1~T5处理的稻谷直链淀粉含量均略低于CF处理,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。施用沼液后,籼稻有效穗数、生物量和稻谷产量指标的变异范围较大,其中有效穗数与生物量呈显著正相关,蛋白含量与稻谷产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】与常规施用化肥相比,籼稻施用沼液有助于提高其生物量和稻谷产量,但沼液过量施用会导致稻谷产量下降。在等氮施肥条件下,从保证籼稻稻谷产量、生物量和蛋白含量等角度综合考虑,以沼液替代60%尿素氮肥的效果较优。

【Objective】In this experiment,effects of biogas slurry substituting for urea nitrogen on growth traits,yield and forage quality of indica rice were discussed in order to provide theoretical references for rational fertilization of biogas slurry on indica rice,and innocuity treatment and resource utilization of biogas slurry produced from livestock manure.【Method】Biogas slurry from intensive pig manure and urine fermentation was used as fertilizer source,and eight different treatments were designed in the paper,CO(blank control,no nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers),CK(only no nitrogen fertilizer,applied phosphorus and potassium fertilizers),CF(conventional fertilizer,urea N 375 kg/ha),T1(biogas slurry N 20%+urea N 80%),T2(biogas slurry N 40%+urea N 60%),T3(biogas slurry N 60%+urea N 40%),T4(biogas slurry N 80%+urea N 20%),T5(biogas slurry N 100%). At maturity period,the plant height,effective panicle number,thousand seed weight,rice yield,biomass,protein content,amylose content and water content were measured.【Result 】The results showed that the growth,yield and forage quality of indica rice in the biogas slurry groups were better than those in the CO and CK groups. The plant height of indica rice in T1-T5 fertilization groups decreased slightly compared with CF,and the effective panicle number of T3 group reached the level of conventional fertilization. Rice yield in the T1- T3 groups of indica rice increased gradually with the increase of applied biogas slurry content. Compared with the CF,the rice yield,biomass and thousand seed weight in T3 group of indica rice increased by 15.9%,6.9% and 6.5%,respectively, but the yield of T4 and T5 groups of indica rice reduced. The protein content in T1 group was significantly lower than that in CF(P<0.05,the same below). Nevertheless,the protein content in T2-T5 groups was basically equal to that in CF. Amylose in T1-T5 groups were slightly lower than that in CF(P>0.05). Effective panicle number,biomass and yield indicators all had a large range of variation,and the effective panicle number was significantly positively correlated with biomass, while the protein content was extremely positively correlated with rice yield(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Compared with CF, the application of biogas slurry in indica rice is helpful to increase the biomass and rice yield,but the excessive application of biogas slurry will lead to the decrease of rice yield. Under the condition of equal nitrogen fertilization,the effects of replacing 60% urea nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry is better from the perspective of ensuring rice yield,biomass and protein content of indica rice.