广西畜禽粪便资源结构、区域分布和污染风险分析

Structure,regional distribution and pollution risk of livestock and poultry manure resources in Guangxi

【目的】分析广西畜禽粪便资源现状及其污染风险,为广西治理畜禽粪便污染问题提供参考依据。【方法】运用畜禽粪便资源强度指数和畜禽粪便污染负荷指数估算2009—2016年广西畜禽粪便资源量,并测算广西畜禽粪便资源结构、区域分布和污染风险。【结果】广西畜禽粪便资源较丰富,2016年总量为6373.99万t,主要来源为生猪粪便和牛粪便。畜禽粪便资源总量呈倒U形变化,生猪粪便和牛粪便资源与畜禽粪便资源总量变化趋势相同,肉鸡粪便资源增幅最大,耕地粪便资源负荷逐年下降,由2009年的23.14t/ha降至2016年的13.08t/ha。广西畜禽粪便资源集中在东部和南部,其中生猪粪便资源集中在东部和东南部,牛粪便资源集中在东北部,羊粪便和鸡粪便资源集中在东南部。广西畜禽粪便污染风险较小,主要来源为生猪粪便,占粪便污染总量的比例最大,为74.55%。东北部和南部粪便污染风险大于西部和北部。【建议】推广畜禽粪便减量无害技术,加大畜禽粪便资源化扶持力度,发展畜禽粪便资源开发市场,建立长效监督管理机制。

【Objective】The aim of the study was to analyze the current situation of livestock and poultry manure resources in Guangxi and its pollution risk,and provide reference for the treatment of livestock and poultry manure pollution.【Method】The livestock and poultry manure resource intensity index and the livestock and poultry manure pollution load index were used to estimate the amount of livestock and poultry manure resources in Guangxi from 2009 to 2016, and the structure,regional distribution and pollution risk of livestock and poultry manure resources in Guangxi were measured.【Result】The livestock and poultry manure resources in Guangxi were relatively abundant with the total amount of 63739900 t in 2016,and the main sources were pig manure and cow dung. The total amount of livestock and poultry manure resources showed an U shape change. The pig manure and cow dung resources changed the same as the total amount of livestock manure resources. The broiler manure resources increased the most,and the cultivated land manure resource load decreased year by year,from 23.14 t/ha in 2014 decreased to 13.08 t/ha in 2016. In Guangxi,livestock and poultry manure resources were concentrated in the east and the south,where pig manure resources were concentrated in the eastern and southeastern part,cow dung resources were concentrated in the northeast,and sheep manure and chicken manure resources were concentrated in the southeast. Livestock and poultry manure pollution risk was small,the main source was pig manure,which accounted for the largest proportion(74.55%)of the total pollution. The risk of fecal contamination in the southeast and south was greater than in the west and north.【Suggestion】The following suggestions are proposed: promoting the harmless technology of manure reduction,increasing the support of manure resources utilization,developing the development market of manure resources,and establishing a long-term monitoring and management mechanism.