重庆倒置山区稻飞虱和捕食蜘蛛发生动态及其影响因素探讨

Occurrence dynamics and influence factors of rice planthopper and predatory spider in inverted mountainous area of Chongqing

【目的】明确重庆倒置山区稻飞虱和捕食蜘蛛的发生动态及其影响因素,为合理利用捕食蜘蛛对稻飞虱进行生物防控提供参考依据。【方法】采用平行跳跃取样法,对移栽中稻田褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens St?l.)、白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera Horv.)和捕食蜘蛛(Aranea Clerck)的数量进行拍查,每点系统拍查2丛,10个点,共20丛,分析其发生动态,并探讨其影响因素。【结果】褐飞虱若、成虫的发生动态均呈单峰曲线,分别在水稻乳熟后期(4030头/百丛)和分蘖末期(865头/百丛)达峰值;白背飞虱若虫、成虫的发生动态也呈单峰曲线,均在水稻孕穗期(分别为1285和645头/百丛)达峰值;稻飞虱总量的发生动态呈双峰曲线,分别在水稻孕穗期(3870头/百丛)和乳熟后期(4030头/百丛)达峰值;捕食蜘蛛的发生动态与稻飞虱群体发生动态基本一致。相关性分析结果表明,稻飞虱总量的发生程度与日最低温度、日最高温度和日均温度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),与日均相对湿度呈极显著负相关;捕食蜘蛛发生程度与日最低温度、日最高温度和日均温度呈极显著正相关,与日均相对湿度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。【结论】重庆倒置山区中稻田稻飞虱主要以若虫为害水稻孕穗期和乳熟后期,前期以白背飞虱为主,后期以褐飞虱为主;捕食蜘蛛的发生动态与稻飞虱群体的发生动态基本一致,有明显的跟随效应;在20.6~35.0℃、相对湿度56.4%~87.7%内,温、湿度与稻飞虱和捕食蜘蛛发生程度紧密相关.

【Objective】To provide reference basis for the rational utilization of predatory spiders for green and effective controlling rice planthopper,this study have tried to investigate the occurrence dynamics of rice planthopper and predatory spiders,and to research the influence factors in inverted mountainous area of Chongqing.【Method】The number of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens St?l.,the white-blacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera Horv.,and the predatory spider Aranea Clerck were observed by the sampling method of parallel jumping,and two plants were investigated at each point,ten points,twenty plants in total. The occurrence dynamics were analyzed and the influence factors were discussed.【Result】Brown planthopper nymphae and adults occurrence showed as dynamics unimodal curve,which peaked at the late milk-ripe stage(4030 insects per hundred plants)and late tillering stage(865 insects per hundred plants),respectively. The dynamics of the nymphae and adults of the white-backed planthopper showed a single-peak curve,which peaked at the booting stage of rice(1285 insects per hundred plants and 645 insects per hundred plants). The occurrence dynamics of the total number of rice planthopper showed a double-peak curve,which had a peak at the booting stage (3870 insects per hundred plants)and the late milk-ripe stage(4030 insects per hundred plants). The occurrence dynamics of predatory spiders were basically consistent with the occurrence dynamics of the total number of rice planthopper. Correlation analysis showed that the total occurrence of rice planthopper was extremely positively correlated with daily minimum temperature,daily maximum temperature and daily mean temperature(P<0.01,the same below),and was extremely negatively correlated with daily mean relative humidity.The degree of predatory spiders and daily minimum temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily mean temperature were also extremely positively correlated,and was significantly negatively correlated with daily mean relative humidity(P<0.05).【Conclusion】In inverted mountainous areas in Chongqing, the rice planthopper nymphae mainly damage the rice during the booting stage and the late milk-ripe stage. The early stage is dominated by white-backed planthopper,and the later stage is dominated by brown planthopper. The occurrence dynamics of predatory spider is consistent with rice planthopper with obvious follow-up effects. Temperature and humidity are closely correlated with the occurrence of rice planthopper and predatory spider at temperatures ranging from 20.6 ℃ to 35.0 ℃ and relative humidity ranging from 56.4% to 87.7%.