基于拓扑优化重型自卸车后桥结构优化分析

Optimal Analysis of Rear Axle Structure of Heavy Dump Truck Based on Topology Optimization Method

重型自卸车后驱式布置使得后桥驱动桥壳和A型架成为重要的承载部件,需要承担各种来自车轮的力和力矩。根据重型自卸车后桥驱动壳结构特点,建立该模型的参数化模型,根据实际工况不同的极限受力工况进行载荷分析,并基于有限元进行结构优化分析。根据后桥结构的几何布局要求及极限工况受力特点分析,确定优化分析的条件及载荷工况,基于拓扑优化对其空间结构进行优化,获得不同工况的拓扑优化密度云图,据此对其几何结构进行重新布置。采用电测法对优化设计后的结果进行实车测试。对比分析可知:优化设计后桥结构的应力分布满足要求,整个结构的质量明显减少,而应力分布更加均匀合理;A型架的拓扑优化得到了应力分布合理的结构模型,在模型体积减少的同时还降低了最大应力值,两种满载工况均减小;实车测试与理论分析结果基本一致,验证了优化分析的可靠性,为此类设计提供参考依据。

The Back drive arrangement of heavy dump truck make The rear axle’s drive axle housing and A-type frame are important load-bearing parts, which need to bear the forces and torques that come from the wheels. According to the structure characteristics of the rear axle of heavy dump truck, the parametric model was established. According to the different ultimate load conditions, load analysis was carried out and structure optimization was carried out based on finite element analysis. According to the geometrical layout requirement of the rear axle structure and the analysis of the stress characteristics of the ultimate working condition, the condition of optimization analysis and load condition was determined. The spatial structure is optimized based on topological optimization. Based on topological optimization, the spatial structure is optimized, and the topological optimization density cloud map of different working conditions is obtained, and the geometry structure is rearranged accordingly. The results of optimized design are tested by electric test. The contrast analysis shows that, after optimizing the stress distribution of the rear axle structure, the quality of the whole structure is reduced obviously, and the stress distribution is more uniform and reasonable. The topological optimization of a-type frame obtains the structure model with reasonable stress distribution. At the same time, the maximum stress value is reduced while the model volume is reduced, and both load conditions are reduced. The results of real car testing and theoretical analysis are basically consistent, which verifies the reliability of optimization analysis and provides reference for such design.