20世纪初舟山群岛现代海洋渔业教育研究

Modern Marine Fishery Education in Zhoushan Archipelago in the Early 20th Century

中国现代海洋渔业生产技术是在国家工业化的背景下开始推广的,其中舟山群岛在江浙渔业公司建立后开始使用渔轮捕捞技术。1911年之后,政府在定海成立渔业传习所以便在渔民中间推广新式捕捞技术,紧随其后的是政府推动成立浙江省水产品制造模范工厂和浙江省水产试验场用于引进和推广现代海洋水产品加工与养殖技术。与此同时,政府将浙江省立水产学校从台州迁往定海,在舟山群岛开始建立现代海洋渔业教育体系,以加强人才培养。从实施效果来看,无论是定海渔业传习所还是浙江省水产试验场都没有改变舟山群岛渔民采用传统渔业捕捞与加工技术的习惯。从一开始,舟山群岛现代海洋渔业教育就受到渔业教育基础薄弱与经费不足、实业发展无法推动渔业教育、渔业教育外部环境恶劣等方面因素制约。尽管如此,与西方现代渔业技术数百年的缓慢推广相比,舟山群岛在20世纪70年代普及了现代海洋渔业技术,这一切都离不开20世纪初期舟山群岛海洋渔业教育所打下的基础。

China began to promote the use of modern fishery production technology in the backdrop of national industrialization like the Jiang-Zhe Fishery Company’s (江浙渔业公司) first employment of fishing vessels in Zhoushan Archipelago. 1911 witnessed the establishment of Dinghai Fishery Training School (定海渔业传习所) in to instruct the new fishing technology,and subsequently,Model Workshops for Aquatic Products (浙江水产品制造模范工厂) and Aquaculture Experimental Farms (浙江省水产试验场) were founded in Zhejiang Province to to introduce and promote modern technologies of marine aquatic products processing and breeding. Meanwhile,Zhejiang Aquaculture School (浙江省立水产学校) was moved from Taizhou to Dinghai to embark on the establishment of contemporary marine fishery education system in the Archipelago to enhance the personnel training. However,all these efforts failed to transform the local fishermen’s traditional ways to fishing and processing,and the development of fishery education met with multiple drawbacks like inadequate fund,weak foundation,industrial incapable push,bad external environment,etc. Despite these obstacles, Zhoushan Archipelago succeeded in popularizing its modern marine fishery technology in 1970s,which was closely associated with the marine fishery education in the early 20th century,a contrast with hundreds of years’ slow promotion of modern fishing techniques in the West.