围绝经期女性健康风险评估

Health Risk Assessment of Perimenopausal Women

目的评估围绝经期女性健康风险。方法选取2015年9-12月在中国医科大学附属第一医院健康管理中心参加健康体检的成年女性2 318人,按照年龄分为围绝经期前组1075人(18~39岁)、围绝经期组944人(40~60岁)、围绝经期后组299人(≥61岁)。采用'健康风险评估调查问卷'收集健康风险相关数据,采用北京中新惠尔健康科技有限公司授权的健康风险评估软件进行健康风险评估。结果共发放问卷2318份,回收2318份,有效率为100.00%。(1)围绝经期组女性糖尿病、缺血性心血管疾病、肺癌及高血压现患者和高风险者所占比例均高于围绝经期前组,但围绝经期组女性糖尿病、缺血性心血管疾病、肺癌及高血压现患者和高风险者所占比例均低于围绝经期后组(P<0.05)。(2)围绝经期组女性健康生活方式评分劣于围绝经期前组和围绝经期后组(P<0.05)。(3)3组女性吸烟、戒烟及适量饮酒者所占比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);围绝经期组女性被动吸烟者所占比例高于围绝经期前组(P<0.05);围绝经期组和围绝经期后组女性被动吸烟者所占比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);围绝经期组女性过量饮酒者所占比例高于围绝经期前组和围绝经期后组(P<0.05)。(4)3组女性蔬菜水果摄入不足者所占比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);围绝经期组女性谷类摄入过多者所占比例高于围绝经期前组和围绝经期后组(P<0.05);围绝经期组女性肉类摄入过多者所占比例高于围绝经期前组(P<0.05),但与围绝经期后组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(5)围绝经期后组和围绝经期组女性体力活动水平优于围绝经期前组,围绝经期后组女性体力活动水平优于围绝经期组(P<0.05)。结论女性进入围绝经期后糖尿病、缺血性心血管疾病、肺癌和高血压发生风险明显增高,被动吸烟、过量饮酒、不合理膳食及缺乏体力活动等不良生活方式增多,因此加强围绝经期女性不良生活方式干预以降低慢性病发生风险势在必行。

Objective To assess the health risk of perimenopausal women. Methods From September to December in 2015,a total of 2,318 adult female undergoing physical examination were selected in the Health Management Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,and they were divided into A group( 18 to 39 years old,n = 1,075),B group( 40 to 60 years old,n = 944) and C group( equal or over 61 years old,n = 299) according to age." Health Risk Assessment Questionnaire" was used to collect related data,and Health Risk Assessment Software made by United Wellness Limited( Beijing) was used to asses the health risk of perimenopausal women. Results The response rate of questionnaire was100%( 2,318 /2,318).( 1) Prevalence rates and high-risk percentage of diabetes,ischemic cardiovascular disease,lung cancer and hypertension of B group were statistically significantly higher than those of A group,while prevalence rates and high-risk percentage of diabetes, ischemic cardiovascular disease, lung cancer and hypertension of B group were statistically significantly lower than those of C group( P < 0. 05).( 2) Healthy lifestyles score of B group was statistically significantly lower than that of A group and C group,respectively( P < 0. 05).( 3) No statistically significant differences of proportion of women with smoking,with smoking cessation or with responsible drinking was found among the three groups( P > 0. 05);the proportion of women with passive smoking of B group was statistically significantly higher than that of A group( P < 0. 05), while no statistically significant differences of proportion of women with passive smoking was found between B group and C group( P >0. 05);proportion of women with excessive drinking of B group was statistically significantly higher than that of A group and C group,respectively( P < 0. 05).( 4) No statistically significant differences of proportion of women with inadequate intake of fruits or vegetables was found among the three groups( P > 0. 05);the proportion of women with excessive intake of cereal of B group was statistically significantly higher than that of A group and C group,respectively( P < 0. 05);the proportion of women with excessive intake of meat of B group was statistically significantly higher than that of A group( P < 0. 05),but was not statistically significantly different compared with that of C group( P > 0. 05).( 5) Physical activity level of B group and C group was statistically significantly better than that of A group, respectively, meanwhile physical activity level of C group was statistically significantly better than that of B group( P < 0. 05). Conclusion Occurrence risk of diabetes, ischemic cardiovascular disease,lung cancer and hypertension of perimenopausal women significantly elevates,unhealthy lifestyles such as passive smoking,excessive drinking,unreasonable dietary habits and lack of physical activity significantly increase,thus it is necessary to strengthen the intervention on unhealthy lifestyles to reduce the risk of chronic disease in perimenopausal women.