冀西北坝上地区旱作生产与休耕补偿分析——以莜麦生产为例

Analysis of Dryland Farming and Fallow Compensation in Bashang Area of Northwest Hebei——Taking Naked Oat Production as an Example

实行农田休耕制度是减轻冀西北坝上地区环境压力、增强水源涵养功能,保障下水下风地区生态安全的重要社会需求。2017~2018年以河北省张家口市张北县的2个乡镇为例,对案例区49个莜麦种植户采用精细访谈摸底和进田实地检测的方式获得了莜麦生产的数据资料,进而对莜麦种植的生产、经济和生态效益进行了分析,并运用机会成本法估算了休耕生态补偿的经济数额。结果表明:坝上莜麦田生产养分投入少,土壤N、P2O5和K2O均呈亏耗运行;莜麦产量变幅大,变异系数达22.44%,经济效益低,农田休耕具有可行性。以目前农田经营的主体—兼业农民为补偿对象,休耕经济补偿的参考数额为1450.2元/(hm^2·a);考虑莜麦田养分亏耗运行带来的影响,休耕经济补偿的低限参考数额为1125.50元/(hm^2·a)。农村非农性产业开发、劳动力转业技能培训等,有助于促进冀西北坝上地区休耕制度的实施。

Implementing the farmland fallow system is an important social demand to alleviate the environmental pressure on Bashang area in northwest Hebei Province,enhance the water source conservation function,and ensure the ecological security of the underwater and leeward region. Two towns in Zhangbei County,Zhangjiakou City,Hebei Province were selected from 2017 to 2018. The data of naked oat production were obtained by using the detailed interviews of 49 households planting naked oat and field testing. Further the production,ecological and economic effects of naked oat cultivation were analyzed,and the economic amount of fallow ecological com pensation was estimated by the opportunity cost method. The results showed that the nutrients in naked oat field was less,and the soil N,P2O5 and K2O were depleted. The variation coefficient of naked oat yield among farmers was 22.44%,with low production economic benefits,and the fallow of naked oat fields was feasible. Targeting the main body of current naked oat field management,the reference amount of fallow economic compensation was 1450.2 yuan/hm2. Considering the impact of nutrient depletion in naked oat fields,the low reference amount of fallow economic compensation was 1 125.5 yuan/hm2. Rural non-agricultural industry development and labor transfer skills training,etc. will help promote the implementation of fallow system on Bashang area in Northwest of Hebei.